Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.)
Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.)
Graphic design for electronic documents and user interfaces
Graphic design for electronic documents and user interfaces
2-D Shape Classification Using Hidden Markov Model
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Extending Fitts' law to two-dimensional tasks
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Reaching for objects in VR displays: lag and frame rate
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Aesthetics and apparent usability: empirically assessing cultural and methodological issues
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Selection using a one-eyed cursor in a fish tank VR environment
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
The metropolis keyboard - an exploration of quantitative techniques for virtual keyboard design
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Usability Engineering
Refining Fitts' law models for bivariate pointing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Investigating Hidden Markov Models' Capabilities in 2D Shape Classification
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Improving menu placement strategies for pen input
GI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference
The bubble cursor: enhancing target acquisition by dynamic resizing of the cursor's activation area
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A probabilistic approach to modeling two-dimensional pointing
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Simple pen interaction performance of young and older adults using handheld computers
Interacting with Computers
Optimal parameters for efficient crossing-based dialog boxes
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Analyzing the kinematics of bivariate pointing
GI '08 Proceedings of graphics interface 2008
Aesthetics in Human-Computer Interaction: Views and Reviews
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part I: New Trends
Proceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
Modeling dwell-based eye pointing target acquisition
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Comet and target ghost: techniques for selecting moving targets
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Action graphs and user performance analysis
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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We investigate pointing at graphical targets of arbitrary shapes. We first describe a previously proposed probabilistic Fitts' law model [7] which, unlike previous models that only account for rectangular targets, has the potential to handle arbitrary shapes. Three methods of defining the centers of arbitrarily shaped targets for use within the model are developed. We compare these methods of defining target centers, and validate the model using a pointing experiment in which the targets take on various shapes. Results show that the model can accurately account for the varying target shapes. We discuss the implications of our results to interface design.