A training algorithm for optimal margin classifiers
COLT '92 Proceedings of the fifth annual workshop on Computational learning theory
Structural Indexing: Efficient 3-D Object Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Special issue on interpretation of 3-D scenes—part II
The extremal mesh and the understanding of 3D surfaces
International Journal of Computer Vision
Two- and three-dimensional patterns of the face
Two- and three-dimensional patterns of the face
A survey of free-form object representation and recognition techniques
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Modern Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces with Mathematica
Modern Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces with Mathematica
Introductory Techniques for 3-D Computer Vision
Introductory Techniques for 3-D Computer Vision
Face verification from 3D and grey level clues
Pattern Recognition Letters
Use of depth and colour eigenfaces for face recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
3D Human Face Recognition Using Point Signature
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
SVMTorch: support vector machines for large-scale regression problems
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Face recognition: A literature survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
An Evaluation of Multimodal 2D+3D Face Biometrics
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Description and retrieval of 3D face models using iso-geodesic stripes
MIR '06 Proceedings of the 8th ACM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval
Adapting Geometric Attributes for Expression-Invariant 3D Face Recognition
SMI '07 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Shape Modeling and Applications 2007
A survey of approaches and challenges in 3D and multi-modal 3D+2D face recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Component-based face recognition with 3D morphable models
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
Expression-invariant 3D face recognition
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
Reliable Face Recognition Methods: System Design, Implementation and Evaluation
Reliable Face Recognition Methods: System Design, Implementation and Evaluation
An integrated framework for biometrics security
iUBICOM'10 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Ubiquitous and Collaborative Computing
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Applications related to game technology, law-enforcement, security, medicine or biometrics are becoming increasingly important, which, combined with the proliferation of three-dimensional (3D) scanning hardware, have made that 3D face recognition is now becoming a promising and feasible alternative to two-dimensional (2D) face methods. The main advantage of 3D data, when compared with traditional 2D approaches, is that it provides information that is invariant to rigid geometric transformations and to pose and illumination conditions. One key element for any 3D face recognition system is the modeling of the available scanned data. This paper presents new 3D models for facial surface representation and evaluates them using two matching approaches: one based on support vector machines and another one on principal component analysis (with a Euclidean classifier). Also, two types of environments were tested in order to check the robustness of the proposed models: a controlled environment with respect to facial conditions (i.e. expressions, face rotations, etc.) and a non-controlled one (presenting face rotations and pronounced facial expressions). The recognition rates obtained using reduced spatial resolution representations (a 77.86% for non-controlled environments and a 90.16% for controlled environments, respectively) show that the proposed models can be effectively used for practical face recognition applications.