Trust breaks down in electronic contexts but can be repaired by some initial face-to-face contact
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SAICSIT '02 Proceedings of the 2002 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on Enablement through technology
Teaching globalization, globally: A 7-year case study of south africa--u.s. virtual teams
Information Technologies and International Development
A multi-level analysis of the impact of shared leadership in diverse virtual teams
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
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When small groups meet online, the communication channel they use may affect the emergent leadership styles that individuals attempt. We studied 66 three-person groups playing a social dilemma game and communicating via one of four channels: face-to-face, videoconference, audio conference, or Internet chatroom. We found that the narrower the channel, the less likely groups were to use relationship-focused leadership styles. We also found that for mixed-gender groups, lower levels of relationship-focused leadership led to poorer group performance on the cooperation task. The more autocratic task-focused leadership style was not inhibited by communication channel. Additional results are also given linking gender composition to choice of leadership style. The statistical technique used in this research, Hierarchical Linear Modeling is particularly useful for studying group work, and so is explained in some detail.