Information Retrieval
Modeling and understanding students' off-task behavior in intelligent tutoring systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Engagement tracing: using response times to model student disengagement
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
Prevention of off-task gaming behavior in intelligent tutoring systems
ITS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Detecting the moment of learning
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part I
A review of recent advances in learner and skill modeling in intelligent learning environments
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Detecting learning moment-by-moment
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education - Special issue on Best of ITS 2010
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The paper proposes a machine learning model that can automatically identify off-task behaviors of students while using an intelligent tutoring system. Only log files that record students' actions with the system are used for the development of the model. The model utilizes a set of time features, performance features and mouse movement features and is compared to i) a model that only utilizes time features, ii) a model that uses time and performance features. In order to address data sparseness problem, a robust Ridge Regression algorithm is designed to estimate model parameters. An extensive set of experiment results demonstrate the power of using multiple types of evidence as well as the robust Ridge Regression algorithm.