The affective reasoner: a process model of emotions in a multi-agent system
The affective reasoner: a process model of emotions in a multi-agent system
Affective computing
Toward the holodeck: integrating graphics, sound, character and story
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Autonomous agents
FLAME—Fuzzy Logic Adaptive Model of Emotions
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Thespian: using multi-agent fitting to craft interactive drama
Proceedings of the fourth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
THESPIAN: An Architecture for Interactive Pedagogical Drama
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
PsychSim: modeling theory of mind with decision-theoretic agents
IJCAI'05 Proceedings of the 19th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
Modeling emotions and other motivations in synthetic agents
AAAI'97/IAAI'97 Proceedings of the fourteenth national conference on artificial intelligence and ninth conference on Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Thespian: modeling socially normative behavior in a decision-theoretic framework
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
A domain-independent framework for modeling emotion
Cognitive Systems Research
EMA: A process model of appraisal dynamics
Cognitive Systems Research
Directorial Control in a Decision-Theoretic Framework for Interactive Narrative
ICIDS '09 Proceedings of the 2nd Joint International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling: Interactive Storytelling
Evaluating directorial control in a character-centric interactive narrative framework
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems: volume 1 - Volume 1
Generating norm-related emotions in virtual agents
IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
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Cognitive appraisal theories, which link human emotional experience to their interpretations of events happening in the environment, are leading approaches to model emotions. Cognitive appraisal theories have often been used both for simulating "real emotions" in virtual characters and for predicting the human user's emotional experience to facilitate human---computer interaction. In this work, we investigate the computational modeling of appraisal in a multi-agent decision-theoretic framework using Partially Observable Markov Decision Process-based (POMDP) agents. Domain-independent approaches are developed for five key appraisal dimensions (motivational relevance, motivation congruence, accountability, control and novelty). We also discuss how the modeling of theory of mind (recursive beliefs about self and others) is realized in the agents and is critical for simulating social emotions. Our model of appraisal is applied to three different scenarios to illustrate its usages. This work not only provides a solution for computationally modeling emotion in POMDP-based agents, but also illustrates the tight relationship between emotion and cognition--the appraisal dimensions are derived from the processes and information required for the agent's decision-making and belief maintenance processes, which suggests a uniform cognitive structure for emotion and cognition.