Deadlock-Free Message Routing in Multiprocessor Interconnection Networks
IEEE Transactions on Computers
The turn model for adaptive routing
ISCA '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
A New Theory of Deadlock-Free Adaptive Routing in Wormhole Networks
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Interconnection Networks: An Engineering Approach
Interconnection Networks: An Engineering Approach
Performance Evaluation of Adaptive Routing Algorithms for k-ary-n-cubes
PCRCW '94 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Parallel Computer Routing and Communication
The Message Flow Model for Routing in Wormhole-Routed Networks
ICPP '93 Proceedings of the 1993 International Conference on Parallel Processing - Volume 01
A scalable, commodity data center network architecture
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 conference on Data communication
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A significant drive to consolidate data center networks on a single infrastructure is taking place. 10-Gigabit Ethernet is one of the contenders to fulfill the role of universal data center interconnect. One of the key features missing from conventional Ethernet is congestion management; this void is being filled by the standardization work of the IEEE 802.1Qau working group. However, the schemes under consideration react to congestion only at the sources by reducing the transmission rates of "hot" flows, i.e., those detected as contributing to congestion. This approach ignores a crucial aspect of many data center networks, namely, that there typically are multiple paths between any pair of end nodes. Before reducing transmission rates, it would make sense to look for an alternative, uncongested path first. Here, we propose an adaptive routing scheme that builds-in a fully transparent way-on top of the existing 802.1Qau schemes, by snooping the congestion notification frames to modify the routing behavior of the switching nodes. We demonstrate how this can lead to significant performance improvements by taking full advantage of path diversity.