The depth/breadth trade-off in the design of menu-driven user interfaces
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Web page design: implications of memory, structure and scent for information retrieval
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Designing a menu-based interface to an operating system
CHI '85 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Navigating in a mobile XHTML application
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
How to t(r)ap user's mental models
Selected papers of the 8th Interdisciplinary Workshop on Informatics and Psychology: Mental Models and Human-Computer Interaction 2
On the dynamics of mental models
Selected papers of the 6th Interdisciplinary Workshop on Informatics and Psychology: Mental Models and Human-Computer Interaction 1
A transformational approach to multi-device interfaces
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A transformation strategy for multi-device menus and toolbars
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Variability of user interaction with multi-platform news feeds
Proceedings of the 44th annual Southeast regional conference
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Understanding users' mental models can improve design and testing of interactive systems. Yet, the extraction of users' mental models and their representation are still a tough challenge. We addressed this question by focusing on how the depth/breadth tradeoff in web navigation structures is reflected in users' mental models. The approach presented here is based on gathering the data in an unlimited-hierarchy variation of card sorting technique and analyzing the results using hierarchic cluster analysis visualized with dendograms. We report a pilot study of our approach and compare the hierarchic cluster analysis and dendograms with ANOVA. The findings show significantly different perceptions of breadth versus depth in two different devices, a desktop computer and cellular phone. These findings are in contrast with findings of more traditional mental model assessment approaches, thus validating the necessity and the usefulness of the purposed new approach.