Portholes: supporting awareness in a distributed work group
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A classification of visual representations
Communications of the ACM
NYNEX portholes: initial user reactions and redesign implications
GROUP '97 Proceedings of the international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work: the integration challenge
Coming to the wrong decision quickly: why awareness tools must be matched with appropriate tasks
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Informative art: using amplified artworks as information displays
DARE '00 Proceedings of DARE 2000 on Designing augmented reality environments
Heuristic evaluation of ambient displays
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An empirical methodology for writing user-friendly natural language computer applications
CHI '83 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The Eyes Have It: A Task by Data Type Taxonomy for Information Visualizations
VL '96 Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages
Influencing group participation with a shared display
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Conversation Clock: Visualizing audio patterns in co-located groups
HICSS '07 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Visualizing remote voice conversations
CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Towards a periodic table of visualization methods of management
GVE '07 Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Graphics and Visualization in Engineering
Can a table regulate participation in top level managers' meetings?
Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Supporting group work
Beyond the channel: A literature review on ambient displays for learning
Computers & Education
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This paper aims at answering the question how ambient displays can be used as group mirrors to support collaborative (learning) activities. Our research question is to what extent the type of feedback representation affects collaborative processes. Two different representations have been created and compared in a user study: a diagram and a metaphor. In the diagram version the quality rating for each person is explicitly shown in charts and numbers. In the metaphorical representation feedback is implicitly visualized by changing certain characteristics of a pictorial scene. The results show that the metaphoric group mirror was not only more popular than the diagram, it also had a greater impact on the group behavior. When receiving negative feedback from the metaphoric group mirror, a correction of behavior was made significantly faster than with the diagram. Furthermore, both group mirrors had a positive effect on the self-regulation of the group compared to the baseline condition without feedback.