Artificial Intelligence
Instructions, intentions and expectations
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on computational research on interaction and agency, part 2
Interactive computer animation
Cognitive modeling: knowledge, reasoning and planning for intelligent characters
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Toward the holodeck: integrating graphics, sound, character and story
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Autonomous agents
Artificial Intelligence - Special issue on heuristic search in artificial intelligence
Interacting with virtual characters in interactive storytelling
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 1
Character-Based Interactive Storytelling
IEEE Intelligent Systems
A Behavior Language for Story-Based Believable Agents
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Planning as Heuristic Search: New Results
ECP '99 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Planning: Recent Advances in AI Planning
Speeding up the calculation of heuristics for heuristic search-based planning
Eighteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence
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In this paper, we propose a new approach to virtual actors for 3D animation, in which the actors' behaviour can generate situations of narrative interest, as a consequence of the "limited rationality" of these actors. The actors behaviour is determined by plans generated in real-time in response to a single goal acting as a narrative drive. We use Heuristic Search Planning (HSP) as a non-optimal planning technique, which generate believable plans, yet susceptible of failure. We discuss the changes required in the representation of preconditions, the role of the heuristic function, and the narrative aspects of "optimal" plans and backtracking. Throughout this paper, we illustrate the discussion with actual examples from a first prototype system.