Split menus: effectively using selection frequency to organize menus
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
A comparison of rule-based and positionally constant arrangements of computer menu items
CHI '87 Proceedings of the SIGCHI/GI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface
User perceptual mechanisms in the search of computer command menus
CHI '82 Proceedings of the 1982 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
What role can adaptive support play in an adaptable system?
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
A comparison of static, adaptive, and adaptable menus
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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This study investigates the usability of different adaptable and adaptive menu interfaces in a desktop environment. A controlled experiment was conducted to compare two different adaptive menus and one adaptable menu with a traditional menu. The two adaptive menus include an adaptive split menu that moves frequently used menu items to the top, and an adaptive highlight menu that automatically boldfaces frequently used menu items. Target selection times and the number of errors were recorded while the participants were performing menu selection tasks. Subjective satisfaction including perceived recognizability, perceived efficiency, and overall preference were also measured. The results showed that the adaptable menu outperformed the other menus in terms of both the performance and the satisfaction. The adaptive split menu was not as efficient as its theoretical prototype, especially when the selection frequency changed. The adaptive highlight menu, newly proposed in this study, was not significantly better than the traditional menu in terms of the selection time. However, it was preferred by the users since it helped them select frequently used items and was much less sensitive to the variations of selection frequency.