Power scalable processing using distributed arithmetic
ISLPED '99 Proceedings of the 1999 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Vibration-to-electric energy conversion
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems - Special issue on low power electronics and design
Design Considerations for Ultra-Low Energy Wireless Microsensor Nodes
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Self-timed circuits for energy harvesting AC power supplies
ISLPED '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Circuits for energy harvesting sensor signal processing
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
Perpetual environmentally powered sensor networks
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Integrated solar energy harvesting and storage
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Ultra-Low Power Wireless Technologies for Sensor Networks
Ultra-Low Power Wireless Technologies for Sensor Networks
Principles of Asynchronous Circuit Design: A Systems Perspective
Principles of Asynchronous Circuit Design: A Systems Perspective
A study of low level vibrations as a power source for wireless sensor nodes
Computer Communications
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Passive energy harvesting from mechanical vibration has wide application in wearable devices and wireless sensors to complement or replace batteries. Energy harvesting efficiency can be increased by eliminating AC/DC conversion. A test chip demonstrating self-timing, power-on reset circuitry, and dynamic memory for energy harvesting AC voltages has been designed in 180 nm CMOS and tested. An energy scalable DSP architecture implements FIR filters that consume as little as 170 pJ per output sample. The on-chip DRAM retains data for up to 28 ms while register data is retained down to a supply voltage of 153 mV. Circuit operation is confirmed for supply frequencies between 60 Hz and 1 kHz with power consumption below 130 μW. Reaching the limits of miniaturization will require approaching the limits of power dissipation. We extrapolate from this DSP architecture to find the minimum volume required for mechanical vibration energy harvesting sensors.