A 1V, 5mW, 1.8GHz balanced voltage-controlled oscillator with an integrated resonator
ISLPED '97 Proceedings of the 1997 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
MTCMOS hierarchical sizing based on mutual exclusive discharge patterns
DAC '98 Proceedings of the 35th annual Design Automation Conference
Next century challenges: mobile networking for “Smart Dust”
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Vibration-to-electric energy conversion
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems - Special issue on low power electronics and design
Quantifying and enhancing power awareness of VLSI systems
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems - System Level Design
Design Challenges of Technology Scaling
IEEE Micro
Design methodology for fine-grained leakage control in MTCMOS
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Optimal Supply and Threshold Scaling for Subthreshold CMOS Circuits
ISVLSI '02 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI
SRAM Leakage Suppression by Minimizing Standby Supply Voltage
ISQED '04 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design
Characterizing and modeling minimum energy operation for subthreshold circuits
Proceedings of the 2004 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
A study of low level vibrations as a power source for wireless sensor nodes
Computer Communications
Design and optimization of multithreshold CMOS (MTCMOS) circuits
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Analog-to-digital converter survey and analysis
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Wireless sensor networks: Enabling technology for ambient intelligence
Microelectronics Journal
Power and accuracy trade-offs in sound-based context recognition systems
Pervasive and Mobile Computing
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Nonlinear MIMO: affordable MIMO technology for wireless sensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Energy-driven distribution of signal processing applications across wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Scaling self-timed systems powered by mechanical vibration energy harvesting
ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems (JETC)
An approach for energy-aware management in ubiquitous home network environment
SEUS'07 Proceedings of the 5th IFIP WG 10.2 international conference on Software technologies for embedded and ubiquitous systems
MSN'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile ad-hoc and sensor networks
Maximizing the harvested energy for micro-power applications through efficient MPPT and PMU design
Proceedings of the 2010 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Improved dynamic power management in wireless sensor networks
UIC'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Low power programmable architecture for periodic activity monitoring
Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 4th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems
Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Modeling, analysis & simulation of wireless and mobile systems
DMED: A Dual-Mode Energy-Driven Routing Protocol for Wireless Planetary Exploration Sensor Network
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
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This tutorial paper examines architectural and circuit design techniques for a microsensor node operating at power levels low enough to enable the use of an energy harvesting source. These requirements place demands on all levels of the design. We propose an architecture for achieving the required ultra-low energy operation and discuss the circuit techniques necessary to implement the system. Dedicated hardware implementations improve the efficiency for specific functionality, and modular partitioning permits fine-grained optimization and power-gating. We describe modeling and operating at the minimum energy point in the subthreshold region for digital circuits. We also examine approaches for improving the energy efficiency of analog components like the transmitter and the ADC. A microsensor node using the techniques we describe can function in an energy-harvesting scenario.