On-Line and Off-Line Handwriting Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Velocity Profile Based Recognition of Dynamic Gestures with Discrete Hidden Markov Models
Proceedings of the International Gesture Workshop on Gesture and Sign Language in Human-Computer Interaction
A Real-Time Continuous Gesture Recognition System for Sign Language
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Using Multiple Sensors for Mobile Sign Language Recognition
ISWC '03 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Self-contained Spatial Input Device for Wearable Computers
ISWC '03 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Inertial Sensor Based Recognition of 3-D Character Gestures with an Ensemble of Classifiers
IWFHR '04 Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition
Wave like an Egyptian: accelerometer based gesture recognition for culture specific interactions
BCS-HCI '08 Proceedings of the 22nd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Culture, Creativity, Interaction - Volume 1
Towards a one-way American sign language translator
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
3D space handwriting recognition with ligature model
UCS'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Ubiquitous Computing Systems
BiosignalsStudio: a flexible framework for biosignal capturing and processing
KI'10 Proceedings of the 33rd annual German conference on Advances in artificial intelligence
6DMG: a new 6D motion gesture database
Proceedings of the 3rd Multimedia Systems Conference
Airwriting: demonstrating mobile text input by 3D-space handwriting
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
ChAirGest: a challenge for multimodal mid-air gesture recognition for close HCI
Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction
Airwriting: a wearable handwriting recognition system
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
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In this work we present a wearable input device which enables the user to input text into a computer. The text is written into the air via character gestures, like using an imaginary blackboard. To allow hands-free operation, we designed and implemented a data glove, equipped with three gyroscopes and three accelerometers to measure hand motion. Data is sent wirelessly to the computer via Bluetooth. We use HMMs for character recognition and concatenated character models for word recognition. As features we apply normalized raw sensor signals. Experiments on single character and word recognition are performed to evaluate the end-to-end system. On a character database with 10 writers, we achieve an average writer-dependent character recognition rate of 94.8% and a writer-independent character recognition rate of 81.9%. Based on a small vocabulary of 652 words, we achieve a single-writer word recognition rate of 97.5%, a performance we deem is advisable for many applications. The final system is integrated into an online word recognition demonstration system to showcase its applicability.