Artificial Intelligence
The algorithmic beauty of plants
The algorithmic beauty of plants
The WINSOM solid modeller and its application to data visualization
IBM Systems Journal
Technical note—computer sculpture
IBM Systems Journal
Artificial evolution for computer graphics
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Evolutionary Design by Computers with CDrom
Evolutionary Design by Computers with CDrom
Evolutionary Art and Computers
Evolutionary Art and Computers
Metacreation: Art and Artificial Life
Metacreation: Art and Artificial Life
Aesthetic Computing (Leonardo Books)
Aesthetic Computing (Leonardo Books)
A generative theory of shape
Evolved Look-Up Tables for Simulated DNA Controlled Robots
SEAL '08 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Simulated Evolution and Learning
A platform for evolving controllers for simulated drawing robots
EvoMUSART'12 Proceedings of the First international conference on Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music, Sound, Art and Design
The emergence and growth of evolutionary art: 1980--1993
ACM SIGGRAPH 2013 Art Gallery
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A novel biological software approach to define and evolve 3D computer art forms is described based on a re-implementation of the FormGrow system produced by Latham and Todd at IBM in the early 1990's. This original work is extended by using DNA sequences as the input to generate complex organic-like forms. The translation of the DNA data to 3D graphic form is performed by two contrasting processes, one intuitive and one informed by the biochemistry. The former involves the development of novel, but simple, look-up tables to generate a code list of functions such as the twisting, bending, stacking, and scaling and their associated parametric values such as angle and scale. The latter involves an analysis of the biochemical properties of the proteins encoded by genes in DNA, which are used to control the parameters of a fixed FormGrow structure. The resulting 3D data sets are then rendered using conventional techniques to create visually appealing art forms. The system maps DNA data into an alternative multi-dimensional space with strong graphic visual features such as intricate branching structures and complex folding. The potential use in scientific visualisation is illustrated by two examples. Forms representing the sickle cell anaemia mutation demonstrate how a point mutation can have a dramatic effect. An animation illustrating the divergent evolution of two proteins with a common ancestor provides a compelling view of an evolutionary process lost in millions of years of natural history.