Principal Warps: Thin-Plate Splines and the Decomposition of Deformations
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Support vector machines applied to face recognition
Proceedings of the 1998 conference on Advances in neural information processing systems II
Face Recognition Using Active Appearance Models
ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
The M2VTS Multimodal Face Database (Release 1.00)
AVBPA '97 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
ICMI '02 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
Acoustic and Facial Features for Speaker Recognition
ICPR '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 3
Dense Surface Point Distribution Models of the Human Face
MMBIA '01 Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis (MMBIA'01)
Face Recognition Based on Fitting a 3D Morphable Model
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Guide to Biometrics
Manifold analysis of facial gestures for face recognition
WBMA '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMM workshop on Biometrics methods and applications
Multiple Nose Region Matching for 3D Face Recognition under Varying Facial Expression
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
Audio-visual person authentication using lip-motion from orientation maps
Pattern Recognition Letters
Three-dimensional face recognition across pose and expression
Three-dimensional face recognition across pose and expression
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
A survey of approaches and challenges in 3D and multi-modal 3D+2D face recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Dynamic approach for face recognition using digital image skin correlation
AVBPA'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
MRCS'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Multimedia Content Representation, Classification and Security
Biometrics: a tool for information security
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
An introduction to biometric recognition
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Spatiotemporal analysis of human activities for biometric authentication
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Static and dynamic 3D facial expression recognition: A comprehensive survey
Image and Vision Computing
Using derivatives in time series classification
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Automatic facial expression recognition in real-time from dynamic sequences of 3D face scans
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
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Although the human face is commonly used as a physiological biometric, very little work has been done to exploit the idiosyncrasies of facial motions for person identification. In this paper, we investigate the uniqueness and permanence of facial actions to determine whether these can be used as a behavioral biometric. Experiments are carried out using 3-D video data of participants performing a set of very short verbal and nonverbal facial actions. The data have been collected over long time intervals to assess the variability of the subjects' emotional and physical conditions. Quantitative evaluations are performed for both the identification and the verification problems; the results indicate that emotional expressions (e.g., smile and disgust) are not sufficiently reliable for identity recognition in real-life situations, whereas speech-related facial movements show promising potential.