Extracting usability information from user interface events
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Information Visualization and Visual Data Mining
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
A visual tool for tracing users' behavior in Virtual Environments
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Visualizing Competitive Behaviors in Multi-User Virtual Environments
VIS '04 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '04
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Defining personas in games using metrics
Future Play '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on Future Play: Research, Play, Share
Player modeling using self-organization in tomb raider: underworld
CIG'09 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computational Intelligence and Games
Design and evaluation of the educational game DOGeometry: a case study
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology
Feature-based projections for effective playtrace analysis
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games
An inclusive view of player modeling
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games
A spatiotemporal visualization approach for the analysis of gameplay data
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
DOGeometry: teaching geometry through play
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Fun and Games
Technical Section: PLATO: A visual analytics system for gameplay data
Computers and Graphics
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Analysis of gameplay data is crucial for evaluating design decisions and refining a game experience. However, identifying player strategies and finding areas of confusion is difficult because a designer may not know what queries to ask or what patterns to look for in the data. To make this task easier, we present Playtracer, a method for visually analyzing play traces that is independent of a specific game's structure. Playtracer applies multidimensional scaling to cluster players and game states, providing a detailed visual representation of the paths the players take through a game. We evaluate our method by analyzing an educational puzzle game and highlighting common hypotheses, pitfalls, confusing elements, and anomalies. Our results suggest that Playtracer can be an effective tool for game analysis and improvement.