Ambiguous intentions: a paper-like interface for creative design
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Layer tool: support for progressive design
CHI '93 INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Two-dimensional spatial positioning as a means for reflection in design
DIS '00 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
Creative cognition in design: processes of exceptional designers
C&C '02 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Creativity & cognition
Recognizing creative needs in user interface design
C&C '02 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Creativity & cognition
Developing CSCW tools for idea finding -: empirical results and implications for design
CSCW '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Variation in element and action: supporting simultaneous development of alternative solutions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Informing the design of computer-based environments to support creativity
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Computer support for creativity
Beyond binary choices: integrating individual and social creativity
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Computer support for creativity
Interaction design of tools for fostering creativity in the early stages of information design
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Computer support for creativity
Supporting creative and reflective processes
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity & cognition
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Idea management in creative lives
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Design as exploration: creating interface alternatives through parallel authoring and runtime tuning
Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
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A principle of early design work is to generate and manage multiple ideas, as this fosters creative insight. As computer tools are being increasingly used for early design work, it is critical to understand how their interaction models affect idea management. This paper reports results of a user study comparing how the use of three interaction models -- tab interfaces, layered canvases, and spatial maps -- affects working with multiple ideas. Designers (N=18) created and managed ideas for realistic design tasks using each model. We observed strategies for creating and managing ideas, measured process outcomes and tool interactions, and gained extensive participant feedback. From the results, we derive new lessons that can be broadly applied to improve how interfaces support multiple ideas and implemented the lessons within one model to demonstrate their efficacy.