Using a human face in an interface
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Towards general measures of comparison of objects
Fuzzy Sets and Systems - Special issue dedicated to the memory of Professor Arnold Kaufmann
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
Social role awareness in animated agents
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Autonomous agents
Recognising emotions in human and synthetic faces: the role of the upper and lower parts of the face
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Subtle emotional expressions of synthetic characters
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Subtle expressivity for characters and robots
Fuzzy Similarity of Facial Expressions of Embodied Agents
IVA '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Behavior planning for a reflexive agent
IJCAI'01 Proceedings of the 17th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Perception of blended emotions: from video corpus to expressive agent
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Intelligent expressions of emotions
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
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In this paper we present our embodied conversational agent (ECA) capable of displaying a vast set of facial expressions to communicate its emotional states as well as its social relations. Our agent is able to superpose and mask its emotional states as well as fake or inhibit them. We defined complex facial expressions as expressions arising from these displays. In the following, we describe a model based on fuzzy methods that enables to generate complex facial expressions of emotions. It uses fuzzy similarity to compute the degree of resemblance between facial expressions of the ECA. We also present an algorithm that adapts the facial behaviour of the agent depending on its social relationship with the interactants. This last algorithm is based on the theory of politeness by Brown and Levinson (1987). It outputs complex facial expressions that are socially adequate.