Operation and Modeling of the Mos Transistor (The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering)
Nanopower subthreshold MCML in submicrometer CMOS technology
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers - Special section on 2008 custom integrated circuits conference (CICC 2008)
A 25-MHz self-referenced solid-state frequency source suitable for XO-replacement
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers - Special issue on ISCAS2008
Design of mixed-voltage-tolerant crystal oscillator circuit in low-voltage CMOS technology
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers - Special issue on ISCAS2008
Proceedings of the 17th IEEE/ACM international symposium on Low-power electronics and design
A sub-μa power management circuit in 0.18μm CMOS for energy harvesters
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Frequency-to-digital conversion based on a sampled Phase-Locked Loop
Microelectronics Journal
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This paper presents the design of a low-voltage ultralow-power relaxation oscillator without external components. The application field for this oscillator is the clock generation of low-power wake-up functions for battery-operated systems. A detailed analysis of the oscillator, including the temperature performance, is derived and verified with experimental results. The oscillator operates at a typical frequency of 3.3 kHz and consumes 11 nW from a 1-V supply at room temperature, and a temperature drift of less than 500 ppm/°C is achieved over the temperature range of -20°C to 80°C. An efficient design implementation has resulted in a cell area of 0.1 mm2 in a standard 0.35-µm digital CMOS technology.