The vocabulary problem in human-system communication
Communications of the ACM
A behavioural model for information retrieval system design
Journal of Information Science
Using collaborative filtering to weave an information tapestry
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on information filtering
The cost structure of sensemaking
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Users, user interfaces, and objects: Envision, a digital library
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
Characterizing browsing strategies in the World-Wide Web
Proceedings of the Third International World-Wide Web conference on Technology, tools and applications
Information seeking in electronic environments
Information seeking in electronic environments
Which way now? Analysing and easing inadequacies in WWW navigation
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
GroupLens: applying collaborative filtering to Usenet news
Communications of the ACM
Browsing is a collaborative process
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Remote usability evaluation: can users report their own critical incidents?
CHI 98 Cconference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Analysis of a very large web search engine query log
ACM SIGIR Forum
Real life, real users, and real needs: a study and analysis of user queries on the web
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
ACM SIGIR Forum
Understanding user goals in web search
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web
Dogear: Social bookmarking in the enterprise
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Building bridges for web query classification
SIGIR '06 Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
What goes around comes around: an analysis of del.icio.us as social space
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
A field study characterizing Web-based information-seeking tasks
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Can social bookmarking enhance search in the web?
Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Assigned tasks are not the same as self-chosen Web search tasks
HICSS '07 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
SearchTogether: an interface for collaborative web search
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Can social bookmarking improve web search?
WSDM '08 Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining
Determining the informational, navigational, and transactional intent of Web queries
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Crowdsourcing user studies with Mechanical Turk
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Augmented information assimilation: social and algorithmic web aids for the information long tail
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CoSearch: a system for co-located collaborative web search
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A survey of collaborative web search practices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SparTag.us: a low cost tagging system for foraging of web content
AVI '08 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Algorithmic mediation for collaborative exploratory search
Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Get another label? improving data quality and data mining using multiple, noisy labelers
Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Signpost from the masses: learning effects in an exploratory social tag search browser
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CoSense: enhancing sensemaking for collaborative web search
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Information Seeking Can Be Social
Computer
Cheap and fast---but is it good?: evaluating non-expert annotations for natural language tasks
EMNLP '08 Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Information seeking in social context: structural influences andreceipt of information benefits
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
Editorial: Introduction to the special issue
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Social and collaborative web search: an evaluation study
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Folksonomy-boosted social media search and ranking
Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval
CROKODIL: a platform supporting the collaborative management of web resources for learning purposes
Proceedings of the 16th annual joint conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
A Case Study of Collaboration and Reputation in Social Web Search
ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST)
Folksonomy-based personalized search and ranking in social media services
Information Systems
Collaborative information seeking by the numbers
Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Collaborative information retrieval
Who knows?: searching for expertise on the social web: technical perspective
Communications of the ACM
The search dashboard: how reflection and comparison impact search behavior
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Social annotations: utility and prediction modeling
SIGIR '12 Proceedings of the 35th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
The future is in the past: designing for exploratory search
Proceedings of the 4th Information Interaction in Context Symposium
HeyStaks: a real-world deployment of social search
Proceedings of the sixth ACM conference on Recommender systems
Collective intelligence in the online social network of yahoo!answers and its implications
Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Social navigation for loosely-coupled information seeking in tightly-knit groups using webwear
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
A survey of temporal web search experience
Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on World Wide Web companion
Perception and understanding of social annotations in web search
Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on World Wide Web
Survey of social search from the perspectives of the village paradigm and online social networks
Journal of Information Science
Hi-index | 0.02 |
Search engine researchers typically depict search as the solitary activity of an individual searcher. In contrast, results from our critical-incident survey of 150 users on Amazon's Mechanical Turk service suggest that social interactions play an important role throughout the search process. A second survey of also 150 users, focused instead on difficulties encountered during searches, suggests similar conclusions. These social interactions range from highly coordinated collaborations with shared goals to loosely coordinated collaborations in which only advice is sought. Our main contribution is that we have integrated models from previous work in sensemaking and information-seeking behavior to present a canonical social model of user activities before, during, and after a search episode, suggesting where in the search process both explicitly and implicitly shared information may be valuable to individual searchers. We seek to situate collaboration in these search episodes in the context of our developed model for social search. We discuss factors that influence social interactions and content sharing during search activities. We also explore the relationship between social interactions, motivations, and query needs. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from the second survey on difficult and failed search efforts, discussing how query needs and social interactions may differ in cases of search failures.