Pfinder: Real-Time Tracking of the Human Body
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Learning Patterns of Activity Using Real-Time Tracking
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
W4: Real-Time Surveillance of People and Their Activities
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Bayesian Computer Vision System for Modeling Human Interactions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Multiple view geometry in computer vision
Multiple view geometry in computer vision
Event Detection and Analysis from Video Streams
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Computer Vision
Non-parametric Model for Background Subtraction
ECCV '00 Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part II
Multi-Camera Multi-Person Tracking for EasyLiving
VS '00 Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Workshop on Visual Surveillance (VS'2000)
Video Sequence Interpretation for Visual Surveillance
VS '00 Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Workshop on Visual Surveillance (VS'2000)
Application of the Self-Organizing Map to Trajectory Classification
VS '00 Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Workshop on Visual Surveillance (VS'2000)
A Distributed Visual Surveillance System
AVSS '03 Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance
Panoptes: scalable low-power video sensor networking technologies
MULTIMEDIA '03 Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia
Improved Adaptive Gaussian Mixture Model for Background Subtraction
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 2 - Volume 02
Event Detection by Eigenvector Decomposition Using Object and Frame Features
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 7 - Volume 07
An Ontology for Video Event Representation
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 7 - Volume 07
The case for multi--tier camera sensor networks
NOSSDAV '05 Proceedings of the international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
Detecting Irregularities in Images and in Video
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
Cyclops: in situ image sensing and interpretation in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
A Second Generation Low Cost Embedded Color Vision System
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
Beyond Tracking: Modelling Activity and Understanding Behaviour
International Journal of Computer Vision
CVPRW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Autonomous multicamera tracking on embedded smart cameras
EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems
Robust Real-Time Unusual Event Detection using Multiple Fixed-Location Monitors
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic video interpretation: a novel algorithm for temporal scenario recognition
IJCAI'03 Proceedings of the 18th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
Cooperative Object Tracking and Event Detection with Wireless Smart Cameras
AVSS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance
Real-time foreground-background segmentation using codebook model
Real-Time Imaging
Light-weight salient foreground detection for embedded smart cameras
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Detecting unusual activity in video
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Consistent labeling of tracked objects in multiple cameras with overlapping fields of view
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Real-time video-shot detection for scene surveillance applications
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
An adaptive method for energy-efficiency in battery-powered embedded smart cameras
Proceedings of the Fourth ACM/IEEE International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras
DSP embedded smart surveillance sensor with robust SWAD-based tracker
ACIVS'12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems
A low-bandwidth camera sensor platform with applications in smart camera networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
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Embedded smart cameras have limited processing power, memory, energy, and bandwidth. Thus, many system-and algorithm-wise challenges remain to be addressed to have operational, battery-powered wireless smart-camera networks. We present a wireless embedded smart-camera system for cooperative object tracking and detection of composite events spanning multiple camera views. Each camera is a CITRIC mote consisting of a camera board and wireless mote. Lightweight and robust foreground detection and tracking algorithms are implemented on the camera boards. Cameras exchange small-sized data wirelessly in a peer-to-peer manner. Instead of transferring or saving every frame or trajectory, events of interest are detected. Simpler events are combined in a time sequence to define semantically higher-level events. Event complexity can be increased by increasing the number of primitives and/or number of camera views they span. Examples of consistently tracking objects across different cameras, updating location of occluded/lost objects from other cameras, and detecting composite events spanning two or three camera views, are presented. All the processing is performed on camera boards. Operating current plots of smart cameras, obtained when performing different tasks, are also presented. Power consumption is analyzed based upon these measurements.