Time synchronization in ad hoc networks
MobiHoc '01 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Closed form bounds for clock synchronization under simple uncertainty assumptions
Information Processing Letters
Probabilistic Clock Synchronization in Distributed Systems
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
On the possibility and impossibility of achieving clock synchronization
STOC '84 Proceedings of the sixteenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Lightweight time synchronization for sensor networks
WSNA '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international conference on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks
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The flooding time synchronization protocol
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
Time-diffusion synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Global Clock Synchronization in Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Computers
A historical perspective on telecommunications network synchronization
IEEE Communications Magazine
A scalable synchronization protocol for large scale sensor networks and its applications
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Time synchronization in sensor networks: a survey
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
Extension of pairwise broadcast clock synchronization for multicluster sensor networks
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing
A circulatory system approach for wireless sensor networks
Ad Hoc Networks
Energy-efficient estimation of clock offset for inactive nodes in wireless sensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
On minimum variance unbiased estimation of clock offset in a two-way message exchange mechanism
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Wireless protocol design for a cooperative pedestrian protection system
Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains'11 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Communication technologies for vehicles
EM-MAC: a dynamic multichannel energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
MobiHoc '11 Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing
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Configuration and maintenance of wireless sensor networks are complicated by random deployments, random finite sensor lifetimes, addition of new nodes, the desire to adhere to strict power and energy constraints, and perhaps mobility. The desire to maximize network lifetime, in the face of finite energy resources, leads to duty cycled radios that save energy by listening only at appropriate times. This implies a level of synchronization across the network. Synchronization is also needed to support the network goals, such as event detection and reporting. In this paper, we review the problem of wireless sensor network synchronization and associated key issues, including the fundamental signal processing tasks needed, such as estimation of the skew and offset between two clocks, round trip delay estimation, extension of synchronization to multiple nodes, as well as performance analysis and bounds.