Principles of interactive computer graphics (2nd ed.)
Principles of interactive computer graphics (2nd ed.)
Foundations of dialog engineering: the development of human-computer interaction. Part II
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
A three-level human-computer interface model
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
The interface is often not the problem
CHI '87 Proceedings of the SIGCHI/GI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface
Four different perspectives on human-computer interaction
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Critical issues in information systems research
The computer reaches out: the historical continuity of interface design
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CSCW '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Designing interaction: psychology at the human-computer interface
Designing interaction: psychology at the human-computer interface
Bridging between basic theories and the artifacts of human-computer interaction
Designing interaction
Beyond the interface: encountering artifacts in use
Designing interaction
Through the Interface: A Human Activity Approach to User Interface Design
Through the Interface: A Human Activity Approach to User Interface Design
Information Processing and Human-Machine Interaction: An Approach to Cognitive Engineering
Information Processing and Human-Machine Interaction: An Approach to Cognitive Engineering
Minimizing Ecological Gaps in Interface Design
IEEE Software
Toward a Unified Field of SE Research and Practice
IEEE Software
Component-based tailorability: Enabling highly flexible software applications
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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Despite widespread interest in the human-computer interaction (HCI) field, there remains much debate as to appropriate conceptual frameworks for the field, and even confusion surrounding the meaning of basic terms in the field. HCI is seen by many as focusing on the design of interfaces to computer systems, yet exactly what is implied by this focus on “interfaces” is unclear. In this paper we show how a better understanding of what is meant by the interface is possible via the concept of abstraction levels. We show how this levels approach can clarify some ambiguities, and also how it can be related to different phases in the evolution of the human-computer interaction field itself. In this context, we are able to account for the recent interest in activity theory as a possible alternative framework for HCI work, while stressing the need for HCI research and design to consider each of the separate, but related, levels.