Performance measures of game controllers in a three-dimensional environment
GI '06 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006
Performance of input devices in FPS target acquisition
Proceedings of the international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
Fitts' law as a research and design tool in human-computer interaction
Human-Computer Interaction
ISO 9241-9 evaluation of video game controllers
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009
The trackball controller: improving the analog stick
Futureplay '10 Proceedings of the International Academic Conference on the Future of Game Design and Technology
ExerLink: enabling pervasive social exergames with heterogeneous exercise devices
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Is movement better?: comparing sedentary and motion-based game controls for older adults
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2013
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We present a study of user performance in a First Person Shooter game comparing a prototype trackball controller, a standard game controller, and a keyboard and mouse. The prototype controller replaces the right analog stick of a standard game controller (used for pointing and camera control) with a trackball. To measure the performance of the three input devices, participants played two games. Penguin Hunt measured the number of target hits per minute, which was 28.1 with the keyboard and mouse, 22.9 with the trackball controller, and 21.7 with the standard controller. Modern Warfare measured average completion times, which were 26.8 s with the keyboard and mouse, 31.8 s with the trackball controller and 35.5 s with the standard controller. The trackball controller represents a 5.5% target hits increase over the standard controller in Penguin Hunt, and a 10.4% speed-up in trial completion time in Modern Warfare.