The nature of statistical learning theory
The nature of statistical learning theory
Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting
Journal of Computer and System Sciences - Special issue: 26th annual ACM symposium on the theory of computing & STOC'94, May 23–25, 1994, and second annual Europe an conference on computational learning theory (EuroCOLT'95), March 13–15, 1995
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Soft combination of neural classifiers: a comparative study
Pattern Recognition Letters
Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems
MCS '01 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems
Fusion of LDA and PCA for Face Verification
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the International ECCV 2002 Workshop Copenhagen on Biometric Authentication
Analysis of Linear and Order Statistics Combiners for Fusion of Imbalanced Classifiers
MCS '02 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems
Distance measures for PCA-based face recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
Feature-Based Affine-Invariant Localization of Faces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Selection and Fusion of Similarity Measure Based Classifiers Using Support Vector Machines
SSPR & SPR '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Joint IAPR International Workshop on Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition
Score normalization in multimodal biometric systems
Pattern Recognition
The BANCA database and evaluation protocol
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
Decision making in the LDA space: generalised gradient direction metric
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Confidence based gating of multiple face authentication experts
SSPR'06/SPR'06 Proceedings of the 2006 joint IAPR international conference on Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition
Face recognition by independent component analysis
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Face Recognition with Integrating Multiple Cues
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
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The problem of fusing similarity measure-based classifiers is considered in the context of face verification. The performance of face verification systems using different similarity measures in two well-known appearance-based representation spaces, namely Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is experimentally studied. The study is performed for both manually and automatically registered face images. The experimental results confirm that our optimised Gradient Direction (GD) metric within the LDA feature space outperforms the other adopted metrics. Different methods of selection and fusion of the similarity measure-based classifiers are then examined. The experimental results demonstrate that the combined classifiers outperform any individual verification algorithm. In our studies, the Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Weighted Averaging of similarity measures appear to be the best fusion rules. Another interesting achievement of the work is that although features derived from the LDA approach lead to better results than those of the PCA algorithm for all the adopted scoring functions, fusing the PCA- and LDA-based scores improves the performance of the system.