Extending Fitts' law to two-dimensional tasks
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The design and evaluation of marking menus
The design and evaluation of marking menus
An exploration of menu techniques using a 3D game input device
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games
Tech-note: rapMenu: Remote Menu Selection Using Freehand Gestural Input
3DUI '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces
Facilitating system control in ray-based interaction tasks
Proceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
An evaluation of menu properties and pointing techniques in a projection-based VR environment
3DUI '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces
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We investigate menu distance, size, and related techniques to understand and optimize menu performance in VR. We show how user interaction using ray casting and Pointer-Attached-to-Menu (PAM) pointing techniques is affected by menu size and distance from users. Results show how selection angle - an angle to targets that depends on menu size and distance - relates to selection times. Mainly, increasing selection angle lowers selection time. Maintaining a constant selection angle, by a technique called "auto-scale", mitigates distance effects for ray casting. For small menus, PAM appears to perform as well as or potentially faster than ray casting. Unlike standard ray casting, PAM is potentially useful for tracked game controllers with restricted DOF, relativeonly tracking, or lower accuracy.