CONDENSATION—Conditional Density Propagation forVisual Tracking
International Journal of Computer Vision
Face detection and tracking using a Boosted Adaptive Particle Filter
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
A tutorial on particle filters for online nonlinear/non-GaussianBayesian tracking
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Particle filters for positioning, navigation, and tracking
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Mixture models with skin and shadow probabilities for fingertip input applications
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
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Designing a user friendly Chinese input system is a challenging task due to the logographic nature of Chinese characters. Using fingertips and cameras to replace pens and touch panels as input devices could reduce the cost and improve ease-of-use and comfort of the computer-human interface. In this work, Chinese character entry is achieved using Mandarin Phonetic Symbol (MPS) recognition via on-line fingertip tracking. In the proposed system, particle filters are applied for robust fingertip tracking. Afterwards, MPS recognition is performed on the tracked fingertip trajectories using Hidden Markov Models. In the proposed system, the challenges of entering, leaving, and virtual strokes caused by video-based fingertip input can be overcome. We conduct experiments to validate that the MPS symbols written by fingertips are successfully and efficiently recognized using the proposed framework.