WYSIWIS revised: early experiences with multiuser interfaces
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Effective sounds in complex systems: the ARKOLA simulation
CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Transparency and awareness in a real-time groupware system
UIST '92 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Awareness and coordination in shared workspaces
CSCW '92 Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
The user-centered iterative design of collaborative writing software
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
ENO: synthesizing structured sound spaces
UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Thunderwire: a field study of an audio-only media space
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
A usability study of awareness widgets in a shared workspace groupware system
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
“Kirk here:”: using genre sounds to monitor background activity
CHI '93 INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The effects of workspace awareness support on the usability of real-time distributed groupware
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Haptic Human-Computer Interaction
Workspace Awareness in Real-Time Distributed Groupware: Framework, Widgets, and Evaluation
HCI '96 Proceedings of HCI on People and Computers XI
Individual audio channels with single display groupware: effects on communication and task strategy
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
GpsTunes: controlling navigation via audio feedback
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices & services
Microsound
Earpod: eyes-free menu selection using touch input and reactive audio feedback
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An initial investigation into non-visual computer supported collaboration
CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Sound support for collaboration
ECSCW'91 Proceedings of the second conference on European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
Earcons and icons: their structure and common design principles
Human-Computer Interaction
The SonicFinder: an interface that uses auditory icons
Human-Computer Interaction
Improving users' comprehension of changes with animation and sound: an empirical assessment
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction
Do localised auditory cues in group drawing environments matter?
ICAD'98 Proceedings of the 1998 international conference on Auditory Display
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Awareness of other people's activity is an important part of shared-workspace collaboration, and is typically supported using visual awareness displays such as radar views. These visual presentations are limited in that the user must be able to see and attend to the view in order to gather awareness information. Using audio to convey awareness information does not suffer from these limitations, and previous research has shown that audio can provide valuable awareness in distributed settings. In this paper we evaluate the effectiveness of synthesized dynamic audio information, both on its own and as an adjunct to a visual radar view. We developed a granular-synthesis engine that produces realistic chalk sounds for off-screen activity in a groupware workspace, and tested the audio awareness in two ways. First, we measured people's ability to identify off-screen activities using only sound, and found that people are almost as accurate with synthesized sounds as with real sounds. Second, we tested dynamic audio awareness in a realistic groupware scenario, and found that adding audio to a radar view significantly improved awareness of off-screen activities in situations where it was difficult to see or attend to the visual display. Our work provides new empirical evidence about the value of dynamic synthesized audio in distributed groupware.