WYSIWIS revised: early experiences with multiuser interfaces

  • Authors:

  • M. Stefik;D. G. Bobrow;G. Foster;S. Lanning;D. Tatar

  • Affiliations:

  • Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA;Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA;Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA;Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA;Xerox Palo Alto Research Center,Palo Alto, CA

  • Venue:
  • ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
  • Year:
  • 1987

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Abstract

WYSIWIS (What You See Is What I See) is a foundational abstraction for multiuser interfaces that expresses many of the characteristics of a chalkboard in face-to-face meetings. In its strictest interpretation, it means that everyone can also see the same written information and also see where anyone else is pointing. In our attempts to build software support for collaboration in meetings, we have discovered that WYSIWIS is crucial, yet too inflexible when strictly enforced. This paper is about the design issues and choices that arose in our first generation of meeting tools based on WYSIWIS. Several examples of multiuser interfaces that start from this abstraction are presented. These tools illustrate that there are inherent conflicts between the needs of a group and the needs of individuals, since user interfaces compete for the same display space and meeting time. To help minimize the effect of these conflicts, constraints were relaxed along four key dimensions of WYSIWIS: display space, time of display, subgroup population, and congruence of view. Meeting tools must be designed to support the changing needs of information sharing during process transitions, as subgroups are formed and dissolved, as individuals shift their focus of activity, and as the group shifts from multiple parallel activities to a single focused activity and back again.