Beyond the chalkboard: computer support for collaboration and problem solving in meetings
Communications of the ACM
WYSIWIS revised: early experiences with multiuser interfaces
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Groupware: some issues and experiences
Communications of the ACM
Findings from observational studies of collaborative work
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies - Computer-supported cooperative work and groupware. Part 1
Design for conversation: lessons from Cognoter
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies - Computer-supported cooperative work and groupware. Part 1
Two approaches to casual interaction over computer and video networks
CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Flexible user interface coupling in a collaborative system
CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
VideoWhiteboard: video shadows to support remote collaboration
CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Mutual knowledge and communicative effectiveness
Intellectual teamwork
The technology of team navigation
Intellectual teamwork
Transparency and awareness in a real-time groupware system
UIST '92 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
ClearBoard: a seamless medium for shared drawing and conversation with eye contact
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Portholes: supporting awareness in a distributed work group
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Awareness and coordination in shared workspaces
CSCW '92 Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
A collaborative medium for the support of conversational props
CSCW '92 Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
The user-centered iterative design of collaborative writing software
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
Real time groupware as a distributed system: concurrency control and its effect on the interface
CSCW '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Integrating communication, cooperation, and awareness: the DIVA virtual office environment
CSCW '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Things that make us smart: defending human attributes in the age of the machine
Things that make us smart: defending human attributes in the age of the machine
Unpacking collaboration: the interactional organisation of trading in a city dealing room
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Social activity indicators: interface components for CSCW systems
Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM symposium on User interface and software technology
User embodiment in collaborative virtual environments
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Building real-time groupware with GroupKit, a groupware toolkit
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Voice loops as cooperative aids in space shuttle mission control
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Populating the application: a model of awareness for cooperative applications
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
A usability study of awareness widgets in a shared workspace groupware system
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
TeamRooms: network places for collaboration
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
The Denver model for groupware design
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
Human-computer interaction
Peepholes: low cost awareness of one's community
Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Workspace awareness for groupware
Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Awareness in collaborative systems: a CHI 97 workshop
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
Effects of awareness support on groupware usability
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Supporting flexible roles in a shared space
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Design for individuals, design for groups: tradeoffs between power and workspace awareness
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Workspace Awareness in Real-Time Distributed Groupware: Framework, Widgets, and Evaluation
HCI '96 Proceedings of HCI on People and Computers XI
Using Disortion-Oriented Displays to Support Workspace Awareness
HCI '96 Proceedings of HCI on People and Computers XI
Groupspace: a 3D workspace supporting user awareness
CHI '02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The Problem with 'Awareness': Introductory Remarks on 'Awareness in CSCW'
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Empirical development of a heuristic evaluation methodology for shared workspace groupware
CSCW '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Before Getting There: Potential and Actual Collaboration
CRIWG '02 Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Groupware: Design, Implementation and Use
A framework for awareness support in groupware systems
Computers in Industry - Special issue: Knowledge sharing in collaborative design environments
Awareness support in a groupware widget toolkit
GROUP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
Display and presence disparity in Mixed Presence Groupware
AUIC '04 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Australasian user interface - Volume 28
Persistence matters: making the most of chat in tightly-coupled work
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Evaluating procedural aspects of intense collaboration
Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
Group awareness in distributed software development
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Action as language in a shared visual space
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
The MAUI Toolkit: Groupware Widgets for Group Awareness
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
A framework to support collaboration in heterogeneous environments
ACM SIGGROUP Bulletin - Special issue on community-based learning: explorations into theoretical groundings, empirical findings and computer support
SoftVis '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Software visualization
Newly-discovered group awareness mechanisms for supporting real-time collaborative authoring
AUIC '05 Proceedings of the Sixth Australasian conference on User interface - Volume 40
Sensing and visualizing spatial relations of mobile devices
Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Supporting the shared experience of spectators through mobile group media
GROUP '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
Supporting creativity in distributed scientific communities
GROUP '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
A generic approach to supporting diagram differencing and merging for collaborative design
Proceedings of the 20th IEEE/ACM international Conference on Automated software engineering
Supporting Adaptable Consistency Control in Structured Collaborative Workspaces
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Collaborative coupling over tabletop displays
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Improving interfaces for managing applications in multiple-device environments
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Improving scalability and awareness in iconic interfaces for multiple-device environments
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Exploring visual feedback of change conflict in a distributed 3D environment
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Supporting online problem-solving communities with the semantic web
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web
DIS '06 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems
Etude empirique de l'utilisation de la géolocalisation en collaboration mobile
IHM 2005 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Francophone sur l'Interaction Homme-Machine
What makes groups learning effectively in a videoconference setting?
ICLS '06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences
AUIC '06 Proceedings of the 7th Australasian User interface conference - Volume 50
Improving Awareness in Mobile CSCW
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
WebTalk04: a framework to support 3D collaborative e-learning
WBE'06 Proceedings of the 5th IASTED international conference on Web-based education
An exploratory analysis of partner action and camera control in a video-mediated collaborative task
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Improving recognition and characterization in groupware with rich embodiments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Pounamu: A meta-tool for exploratory domain-specific visual language tool development
Journal of Systems and Software
Exploring mutual engagement in creative collaborations
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity & cognition
Shadow reaching: a new perspective on interaction for large displays
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Improving the Effectiveness of Virtual Teams by Adapting Team Processes
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Suitable notification intensity: the dynamic awareness system
Proceedings of the 2007 international ACM conference on Supporting group work
Understanding awareness in mixed presence collaboration
OZCHI '07 Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A review of telecollaboration technologies with respect to closely coupled collaboration
International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
On the design of potential collaboration spaces
International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
Hxi: research down under in distributed intense collaboration between teams
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Supporting open-ended discourse with transparent groupware
International Journal of Web Based Communities
The effects of co-present embodiments on awareness and collaboration in tabletop groupware
GI '08 Proceedings of graphics interface 2008
Designing mobile awareness cues
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Pervasive awareness applications: aesthetic and ludic aspects
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Digital Interactive Media in Entertainment and Arts
A Study of a Loosely-Coupled Groupware System for Supporting Collaboration and Coordination
APCHI '08 Proceedings of the 8th Asia-Pacific conference on Computer-Human Interaction
An Attentive Groupware Device to Mitigate Information Overload
Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification
Workspace Environment for Collaboration in Small Software Development Organization
CDVE '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering
Feed-oriented awareness services for e-logbook mobile users
International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation
Lost in translation: investigating the ambiguity of availability cues in an online media space
Behaviour & Information Technology
An Operational Transformation Algorithm and Performance Evaluation
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
An Approach to Ensuring Consistency in Peer-to-Peer Real-Time Group Editors
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Collaboration and interference: awareness with mice or touch input
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Information displays for managing shared files
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Computer Human Interaction for Management of Information Technology
Um prospecto de sistemas colaborativos: modelos e frameworks
Proceedings of the VIII Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CSCW from Coordination to Collaboration
Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design IV
Contextual awareness based communication and coauthoring proximity in the internet
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Territorial coordination and workspace awareness in remote tabletop collaboration
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the ACM 2009 international conference on Supporting group work
Evaluating a Mobile Emergency Response System
Groupware: Design, Implementation, and Use
Network-aware support for mobile distributed teams
Computers in Human Behavior
On the Prospects of Intelligent Collaborative E-learning Systems
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
Decision Deck's VIP Analysis to Support Online Collaborative Decision-Making
Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Collaborative Decision Making: Perspectives and Challenges
Intelligent Automation in Collaborative Systems
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Cooperative Systems Design: Seamless Integration of Artifacts and Conversations -- Enhanced Concepts of Infrastructure for Communication
The Underwhelming Effects of Location-Awareness of Others on Collaboration in a Pervasive Game
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Cooperative Systems Design: Seamless Integration of Artifacts and Conversations -- Enhanced Concepts of Infrastructure for Communication
From pattern to practice: Evaluation of a design pattern fostering trust in virtual teams
Computers in Human Behavior
Information and Organization
Collaborative Assistant to Handle MathML Expressions
Calculemus '09/MKM '09 Proceedings of the 16th Symposium, 8th International Conference. Held as Part of CICM '09 on Intelligent Computer Mathematics
Computer-supported access control
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Supporting controversial CSCL discussions with augmented group awareness tools
CSCL'07 Proceedings of the 8th iternational conference on Computer supported collaborative learning
The integration of synchronous communication across dual interaction spaces
CSCL'07 Proceedings of the 8th iternational conference on Computer supported collaborative learning
SCAN tools for collaborative learning
CSCL'09 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Computer supported collaborative learning - Volume 1
Proceedings of the Symposium on Human Interface 2009 on ConferenceUniversal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Part I: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
Investigating Temporal-Spatial Characteristics of Mouse and Touch Input
INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part I
Artifact awareness through screen sharing for distributed groups
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Progressional awareness: designing a co-authoring tool to support the planning process
Proceedings of the 27th ACM international conference on Design of communication
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry
Three's company: understanding communication channels in three-way distributed collaboration
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
WebSurface: an interface for co-located collaborative information gathering
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
A collaborative learning service for SNS in ubiquitous computing environment
WiCOM'09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Wireless communications, networking and mobile computing
Personalization via friendsourcing
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Collaboration in scientific visualization
Advanced Engineering Informatics
Worlds of information: designing for engagement at a public multi-touch display
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CoConceptMap: a system for collaborative concept mapping
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human-computer interaction: interaction platforms and techniques
Influence of culture on attitude towards instant messaging: balance between awareness and privacy
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human-computer interaction: interaction platforms and techniques
Supporting self-governing software design groups
CSCWD'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Computer supported cooperative work in design III
APWeb'03 Proceedings of the 5th Asia-Pacific web conference on Web technologies and applications
Emerging sounds for disappearing computers
The disappearing computer
Context-centered design: bridging the gap between understanding and designing
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human-computer interaction: interaction design and usability
The effects of mutual location-awareness on group coordination
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Mutual awareness in collocated and distant collaborative tasks using shared interfaces
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction
Modeling group artifact adoption for awareness in activity-focused co-located meetings
TAMODIA'07 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Task models and diagrams for user interface design
Designing mobile shared workspaces for loosely coupled workgroups
CRIWG'07 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Groupware: design implementation, and use
A dynamic awareness model for service-based collaborative grid application in access grid
GPC'08 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Advances in grid and pervasive computing
A spatial faithful cooperative system based on mixed presence groupware model
CDVE'09 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Cooperative design, visualization, and engineering
CRIWG'09 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Groupware: design, implementation, and use
Networked Graphics: Building Networked Games and Virtual Environments
Networked Graphics: Building Networked Games and Virtual Environments
Towards a reference architecture for the design of mobile shared workspaces
Future Generation Computer Systems
Software architecture awareness in long-term software product evolution
Journal of Systems and Software
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Evaluation of a pervasive awareness system designed for busy parents
Pervasive and Mobile Computing
Comparing user interaction with low and high fidelity prototypes of tabletop surfaces
Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries
Body-centric interaction techniques for very large wall displays
Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries
Places for lightweight group meetings: the design of come together
Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Supporting group work
KSEM'10 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Knowledge science, engineering and management
Awareness checklist: reviewing the quality of awareness support in collaborative applications
CRIWG'10 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Collaboration and technology
CRIWG'10 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Collaboration and technology
On the role of visual references in collaborative visualization
Information Visualization
VisTACO: visualizing tabletop collaboration
ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
Sketched menus and iconic gestures, techniques designed in the context of shareable interfaces
ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
Group awareness tools for learning: Current and future directions
Computers in Human Behavior
Tacit guidance for collaborative multimedia learning
Computers in Human Behavior
Group awareness tools: It's what you do with it that matters
Computers in Human Behavior
Group awareness in CSCL environments
Computers in Human Behavior
Communico: overhearing conversations in a virtual office
Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Balancing costs and benefits of automated task allocation in mobile surveillance
Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics
What do you see when you interact with friends online?: face, hand, or canvas?
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the Second Asia-Pacific Symposium on Internetware
HCII'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction: interaction techniques and environments - Volume Part II
A conceptual framework for modeling awareness mechanisms in collaborative systems
INTERACT'11 Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part IV
Does "Virtually being there" help? comparing collaborative work between 3D and 2D conditions
CRIWG'11 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Collaboration and technology
Journal of Management Information Systems
CSRML: a goal-oriented approach to model requirements for collaborative systems
ER'11 Proceedings of the 30th international conference on Conceptual modeling
Decision-making in-socio and in-situ: Facilitation in virtual worlds
Decision Support Systems
Perception of centers of interest
CSCWD'05 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design II
Designing display-rich environments for collaborative scientific visualization
CDVE'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering
F@: a framework of group awareness in synchronous distributed groupware
APWeb'06 Proceedings of the 8th Asia-Pacific Web conference on Frontiers of WWW Research and Development
A service-oriented group awareness model and its implementation
KSEM'06 Proceedings of the First international conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management
The effect of communication channel and visual awareness display on coordination in online tasks
Proceedings of the 2012 iConference
The use of awareness displays for role clarity in distributed workgroups
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work Companion
Social transparency in networked information exchange: a theoretical framework
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
A comparison of competitive and cooperative task performance using spherical and flat displays
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Communication channels and awareness cues in collocated collaborative time-critical gaming
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Tracking changes in collaborative writing: edits, visibility and group maintenance
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Mechanisms for collaboration: A design and evaluation framework for multi-user interfaces
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Supporting group awareness in distributed software development
EHCI-DSVIS'04 Proceedings of the 2004 international conference on Engineering Human Computer Interaction and Interactive Systems
Using email-based network analysis to determine awareness foci
CRIWG'06 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Groupware: design, implementation, and use
PLATO: a coordination framework for designers of multi-player real-time digital games
Proceedings of the International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games
Information and Software Technology
Information and Software Technology
Reusable awareness widgets for collaborative web applications --- a non-invasive approach
ICWE'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Web Engineering
Audio delivery and territoriality in collaborative digital musical interaction
BCS-HCI '12 Proceedings of the 26th Annual BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference on People and Computers
A framework for the design of awareness support in collaborative situations of implicit interaction
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Interacción Persona-Ordenador
FlowBlocks: a multi-touch ui for crowd interaction
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Mutual engagement and collocation with shared representations
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
A discussion of using mental models in assistive environments
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments
Communication Genres for Dispersed Real-Time Collaboration RTC: The Role of Presence and Awareness
International Journal of e-Collaboration
Computer Gaming Scenarios for Product Development Teams
International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations
KinectArms: a toolkit for capturing and displaying arm embodiments in distributed tabletop groupware
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Social navigation for loosely-coupled information seeking in tightly-knit groups using webwear
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Supporting creative collaboration in globally distributed companies
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Write here, write now!: an experimental study of group maintenance in collaborative writing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Improving digital handoff using the space above the table
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
TiNYARM: Awareness of Research Papers in a Community of Practice
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Technologies
F2FMI: A toolkit for facilitating face-to-face mobile interaction
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
International Journal of Learning Technology
GAwI: a comprehensive workspace awareness library for collaborative web applications
ICWE'13 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Web Engineering
Enriching UsiXML language to support awareness requirements
Science of Computer Programming
The effects of navigation support and group structure on collaborative online shopping
OCSC'13 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Online Communities and Social Computing
Photoportals: shared references in space and time
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing
Visualização e Filtragem de Informações de Percepção em Groupwares Móveis
Proceedings of the X Brazilian Symposium in Collaborative Systems
Proceedings of the X Brazilian Symposium in Collaborative Systems
Colaboração em Ambientes Heterogêneos de Realidade Virtual para Aplicações de Treinamento
Proceedings of the X Brazilian Symposium in Collaborative Systems
Supporting Effortless Coordination: 25 Years of Awareness Research
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
From Artefacts to Infrastructures
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Up close and personal: Collaborative work on a high-resolution multitouch wall display
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Reviewing the quality of awareness support in collaborative applications
Journal of Systems and Software
Cross-modal collaborative information seeking (CCIS): an exploratory study
BCS-HCI '13 Proceedings of the 27th International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference
Hi-index | 0.02 |
Supporting awareness of others is an idea that holds promise forimproving the usability of real-time distributed groupware.However, there is little principled information available aboutawareness that can be used by groupware designers. In thisarticle, we develop a descriptive theory of awareness for thepurpose of aiding groupware design, focusing on one kind of groupawareness called iworkspace awareness. We focus on how smallgroups perform generation and execution tasks in medium-sizedshared workspaces – tasks where group members frequently shiftbetween individual and shared activities during the work session.We have built a three-part framework that examines the concept ofworkspace awareness and that helps designers understand theconcept for purposes of designing awareness support in groupware.The framework sets out elements of knowledge that make upworkspace awareness, perceptual mechanisms used to maintainawareness, and the ways that people use workspace awareness incollaboration. The framework also organizes previous research onawareness and extends it to provide designers with a vocabularyand a set of ground rules for analysing work situations, forcomparing awareness devices, and for explaining evaluationresults. The basic structure of the theory can be used todescribe other kinds of awareness that are important to theusability of groupware.