Beyond the chalkboard: computer support for collaboration and problem solving in meetings
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CHI '93 INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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CHI '94 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
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Perspective layered visualization of collaborative workspaces
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This article explores real-time groupware systems from the perspective of both the users and the designer. This exploration is carried out through the description of GroupDesign, a real-time multi-user drawing tool that we have developed. From the perspective of the users, we present a number of functionalities that we feel necessary in any real-time groupware system: Graphic & Audio Echo, Localization, Identification, Age, and History. From the perspective of the designer, we demonstrate the possibility of creating a multi-user application from a single-user one, and we introduce the notion of purely replicated architecture.