Beyond the chalkboard: computer support for collaboration and problem solving in meetings
Communications of the ACM
Findings from observational studies of collaborative work
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies - Computer-supported cooperative work and groupware. Part 1
Design for conversation: lessons from Cognoter
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies - Computer-supported cooperative work and groupware. Part 1
Transparency and awareness in a real-time groupware system
UIST '92 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Real time groupware as a distributed system: concurrency control and its effect on the interface
CSCW '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Understanding networked multimedia: applications and technology
Understanding networked multimedia: applications and technology
Building real-time groupware with GroupKit, a groupware toolkit
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Corona: a communication service for scalable, reliable group collaboration systems
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
The Denver model for groupware design
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
Effects of awareness support on groupware usability
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Coping with inconsistency due to network delays in collaborative virtual environments
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Supporting real-time collaboration over wide area networks
CSCW '00 Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Computer Networks
Effects of Network Characteristics on Human Performance in a Collaborative Virtual Environment
VR '99 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality
Improving interpretation of remote gestures with telepointer traces
CSCW '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Using cursor prediction to smooth telepointer jitter
GROUP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
Revealing delay in collaborative environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Common metrics for human-robot interaction
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI/SIGART conference on Human-robot interaction
The impact of delayed visual feedback on collaborative performance
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A Network Architecture Supporting Consistent Rich Behavior in Collaborative Interactive Applications
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM international conference on Virtual reality continuum and its applications
Improving Awareness in Mobile CSCW
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
On consistency and network latency in distributed interactive applications: a survey--part I
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Improving network efficiency in real-time groupware with general message compression
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Beyond the lan: techniques from network games for improving groupware performance
Proceedings of the 2007 international ACM conference on Supporting group work
Powermeeting on common ground: web based synchronous groupware with rich user experience
Proceedings of the hypertext 2008 workshop on Collaboration and collective intelligence
The effects of local lag on tightly-coupled interaction in distributed groupware
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Gestures over video streams to support remote collaboration on physical tasks
Human-Computer Interaction
Evaluating ALPHAN with Multi-user Collaboration
DS-RT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 12th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications
Building real-world ad-hoc networks to support mobile collaborative applications: lessons learned
CRIWG'09 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Groupware: design, implementation, and use
Networked Graphics: Building Networked Games and Virtual Environments
Networked Graphics: Building Networked Games and Virtual Environments
The human factors of consistency maintenance in multiplayer computer games
Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Supporting group work
ReConMUC: adaptable consistency requirements for efficient large-scale multi-user chat
Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
PLATO: a coordination framework for designers of multi-player real-time digital games
Proceedings of the International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games
Adaptive forward error correction for real-time groupware
Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Supporting group work
Lost in transmittance: how transmission lag enhances and deteriorates multilingual collaboration
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
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Network delays are a fact of life when using real-time groupware over a wide area network such as the Internet. This paper looks at how network delays affect closely-coupled group work in real-time distributed groupware. We first determine the types and amounts of delay that can happen on the Internet, and then identify types of collaborative interactions that are affected by delay. We then examine two interaction types more closely: predicting others' movements, and coordinating shared access to artifacts. We carried out experiments to measure the effects of two kinds of delay (latency and jitter). When these interactions are isolated and repeated, we found that even small delays can lead to significant increases in completion time and errors. Although people in real-world tasks are often able to adapt their actions to accommodate network delays, we conclude that designing groupware to minimise the effects of delay can improve usability for closely-coupled collaboration.