VideoWhiteboard: video shadows to support remote collaboration
CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Integration of inter-personal space and shared workspace: ClearBoard design and experiments
CSCW '92 Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
User embodiment in collaborative virtual environments
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Interaction design for large displays
interactions
Pick-and-drop: a direct manipulation technique for multiple computer environments
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
mediaBlocks: physical containers, transports, and controls for online media
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Shuffle, throw or take it! working efficiently with an interactive wall
CHI 98 Cconference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Augmented surfaces: a spatially continuous work space for hybrid computing environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
DiamondTouch: a multi-user touch technology
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Interacting at a distance: measuring the performance of laser pointers and other devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A Descriptive Framework of Workspace Awareness for Real-Time Groupware
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Semantic Telepointers for Groupware
OZCHI '96 Proceedings of the 6th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction (OZCHI '96)
The introduction of a shared interactive surface into a communal space
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Territoriality in collaborative tabletop workspaces
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
A comparison of techniques for multi-display reaching
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
TractorBeam: seamless integration of local and remote pointing for tabletop displays
GI '05 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2005
Direct Intentions: The Effects of Input Devices on Collaboration around a Tabletop Display
TABLETOP '06 Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems
Weathergods: tangible interaction in a digital tabletop game
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction
Improving recognition and characterization in groupware with rich embodiments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Direct-touch vs. mouse input for tabletop displays
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The effects of interaction technique on coordination in tabletop groupware
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
The effect of representation location on interaction in a tangible learning environment
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Investigating teamwork and taskwork in single- and multi-display groupware systems
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Virtual collaborative environments with distributed multitouch support
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
CentralMenu: menu partagé sur table interactive
Conference Internationale Francophone sur I'Interaction Homme-Machine
ShadowPuppets: supporting collocated interaction with mobile projector phones using hand shadows
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
HCII'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction: interaction techniques and environments - Volume Part II
INTERACT'11 Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part III
Bridging private and shared interaction surfaces in co-located group settings
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Interactive tabletops and surfaces
Mutual engagement and collocation with shared representations
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
KinectArms: a toolkit for capturing and displaying arm embodiments in distributed tabletop groupware
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Sometimes when we touch: how arm embodiments change reaching and collaboration on digital tables
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Most current tabletop groupware systems use direct touch, where people manipulate objects by touching them with a pen or a fingertip. The use of people's real arms and hands provides obvious awareness information, but workspace access is limited by the user's reach. Relative input techniques, where users manipulate a cursor rather than touching objects directly, allow users to reach all areas of the table. However, the only available awareness information comes from the virtual embodiment of the user (e.g., their cursor). This presents designers with a tradeoff: direct-touch techniques have advantages for group awareness; relative input techniques offer additional power but less awareness information. In this paper, we explore this tradeoff, and we explore the design space of virtual embodiments to determine whether factors such as size, realism, and visibility can improve awareness and coordination. We conducted a study in which seven groups carried out a picture-categorizing task using seven techniques: direct touch and relative input with six different virtual embodiments. Our results provide both valuable information to designers of tabletop groupware, and a number of new directions for future research.