Real time groupware as a distributed system: concurrency control and its effect on the interface
CSCW '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Supporting flexible roles in a shared space
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Design for individuals, design for groups: tradeoffs between power and workspace awareness
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Planning and the user interface: the effects of lockout time and error recovery cost
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Meeting people vitually: experiments in shared virtual environments
The social life of avatars
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Haptic Human-Computer Interaction
How people use orientation on tables: comprehension, coordination and communication
GROUP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
Dynamo: a public interactive surface supporting the cooperative sharing and exchange of media
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Avoiding interference: how people use spatial separation and partitioning in SDG workspaces
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Beyond "social protocols": multi-user coordination policies for co-located groupware
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Territoriality in collaborative tabletop workspaces
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Direct Intentions: The Effects of Input Devices on Collaboration around a Tabletop Display
TABLETOP '06 Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems
Mediating Group Dynamics through Tabletop Interface Design
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Hard lessons: effort-inducing interfaces benefit spatial learning
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An evaluation of techniques for reducing spatial interference in single display groupware
ECSCW'05 Proceedings of the ninth conference on European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
The effects of interaction technique on coordination in tabletop groupware
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
Privacy in the open: how attention mediates awareness and privacy in open-plan offices
Proceedings of the 2007 international ACM conference on Supporting group work
The effects of co-present embodiments on awareness and collaboration in tabletop groupware
GI '08 Proceedings of graphics interface 2008
Perceptibility and utility of sticky targets
GI '08 Proceedings of graphics interface 2008
Collaboration and interference: awareness with mice or touch input
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Virtual interpersonal touch: expressing and recognizing emotions through haptic devices
Human-Computer Interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An improved, low-cost tactile 'mouse' for use by individuals who are blind and visually impaired
Proceedings of the 11th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Three's company: understanding communication channels in three-way distributed collaboration
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Locked-out: investigating the effectiveness of system lockouts to reduce errors in routine tasks
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Focus+Roles: socio-organizational conflict resolution in collaborative user interfaces
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human-computer interaction: applications and services
Benefitting InfoVis with Visual Difficulties
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Sometimes when we touch: how arm embodiments change reaching and collaboration on digital tables
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
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Collaborative tabletop systems can employ direct touch, where people's real arms and hands manipulate objects, or indirect input, where people are represented on the table with digital embodiments. The input type and the resulting embodiment dramatically influence tabletop interaction: in particular, the touch avoidance that naturally governs people's touching and crossing behavior with physical arms is lost with digital embodiments. One result of this loss is that people are less aware of each others' arms, and less able to coordinate actions and protect personal territories. To determine whether there are strategies that can influence group interaction on shared digital tabletops, we studied augmented digital arm embodiments that provide tactile feedback or movement alterations when people touched or crossed arms. The study showed that both augmentation types changed people's behavior (people crossed less than half as often) and also changed their perception (people felt more aware of the other person's arm, and felt more awkward when touching). This work shows how groupware designers can influence people's interaction, awareness, and coordination abilities when physical constraints are absent.