Real time groupware as a distributed system: concurrency control and its effect on the interface
CSCW '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Evaluating stereo and motion cues for visualizing information nets in three dimensions
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
GROUP '97 Proceedings of the international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work: the integration challenge
Human-computer interaction (2nd ed.)
Human-computer interaction (2nd ed.)
Design for individuals, design for groups: tradeoffs between power and workspace awareness
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
3D or not 3D?: evaluating the effect of the third dimension in a document management system
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Evaluating the effectiveness of spatial memory in 2D and 3D physical and virtual environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Critical approach to 3D virtual realities for group work
Proceedings of the second Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
A Descriptive Framework of Workspace Awareness for Real-Time Groupware
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
2D vs 3D, Implications on Spatial Memory
INFOVIS '01 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2001 (INFOVIS'01)
Revisiting 2D vs 3D implications on spatial memory
AUIC '04 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Australasian user interface - Volume 28
Improving drag-and-drop on wall-size displays
GI '05 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2005
Exploring non-speech auditory feedback at an interactive multi-user tabletop
GI '05 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2005
A framework for asynchronous change awareness in collaborative documents and workspaces
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
The parting of the ways: divergence, data management and collaborative work
ECSCW'95 Proceedings of the fourth conference on European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
Collaboration in scientific visualization
Advanced Engineering Informatics
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
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Teams that are geographically distributed often share information both in real-time and asynchronously. When such sharing is through groupware, change conflicts can arise when people pursue parallel and competing actions on the same information. This leads to problems in how the systems and its users maintain a consistent view of shared information across distance and time. We explore change awareness of conflicts in a three-dimensional distributed shared space. Our user study compares the use of visual feedback to an optimistic concurrency control strategy for both synchronous and asynchronous distributed groupware. Our feedback provides a means for synchronous users to recognize and resolve real-time changes, and for asynchronous users to view and resolve changes when switching from an offline to online mode of work. Results of our study suggest that the visual feedback serves as a useful feedthrough mechanism in the synchronous case, but that asynchronous users may be overwhelmed by the quantity of changes if they come online after many changes have been made.