All I really need to know about pair programming I learned in kindergarten
Communications of the ACM
Supporting collaborative interpretation in distributed Groupware
CSCW '00 Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
A Descriptive Framework of Workspace Awareness for Real-Time Groupware
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Visual information as a conversational resource in collaborative physical tasks
Human-Computer Interaction
CSCL'09 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Computer supported collaborative learning - Volume 1
See what i'm saying?: using Dyadic Mobile Eye tracking to study collaborative reference
Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Unrawelling the interaction strategies and gaze in collaborative learning with online video lectures
Proceedings of the 6th workshop on Eye gaze in intelligent human machine interaction: gaze in multimodal interaction
Sleepers' lag - study on motion and attention
Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Learning Analytics And Knowledge
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We present a dual eye-tracking study that demonstrates the effect of sharing selection among collaborators in a remote pair-programming scenario. Forty pairs of engineering students completed several program understanding tasks while their gaze was synchronously recorded. The coupling of the programmers' focus of attention was measured by a cross-recurrence analysis of gaze that captures how much programmers look at the same sequence of spots within a short time span. A high level of gaze cross-recurrence is typical for pairs who actively engage in grounding efforts to build and maintain shared understanding. As part of their grounding efforts, programmers may use text selection to perform collaborative references. Broadcast selections serve as indexing sites for the selector as they attract non-selector's gaze shortly after they become visible. Gaze cross-recurrence is highest when selectors accompany their selections with speech to produce a multimodal reference.