Beyond the chalkboard: computer support for collaboration and problem solving in meetings
Communications of the ACM
WYSIWIS revised: early experiences with multiuser interfaces
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Patterns of contact and communication in scientific research collaboration
CSCW '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Why CSCW applications fail: problems in the design and evaluationof organizational interfaces
CSCW '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
A framework for understanding the workspace activity of design teams
CSCW '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
VideoDraw: a video interface for collaborative drawing
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Findings from observational studies of collaborative work
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies - Computer-supported cooperative work and groupware. Part 1
Design for conversation: lessons from Cognoter
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies - Computer-supported cooperative work and groupware. Part 1
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Finding usability problems through heuristic evaluation
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Integration of inter-personal space and shared workspace: ClearBoard design and experiments
CSCW '92 Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Awareness and coordination in shared workspaces
CSCW '92 Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Making contact: getting the group communicating with groupware
COCS '93 Proceedings of the conference on Organizational computing systems
Human and technical factors of distributed group drawing tools
Interacting with Computers
Usability inspection methods
Usability inspection methods
Enhancing the explanatory power of usability heuristics
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Methodology matters: doing research in the behavioral and social sciences
Human-computer interaction
Unpacking collaboration: the interactional organisation of trading in a city dealing room
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
The Denver model for groupware design
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
Human-computer interaction
Using cognitive walkthrough for evaluating a CSCW application
CHI '94 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Evaluation for collaborative systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
The effects of workspace awareness support on the usability of real-time distributed groupware
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Usability Engineering
WETICE '00 Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises
Workspace awareness in real-time distributed groupware
Workspace awareness in real-time distributed groupware
Sound support for collaboration
ECSCW'91 Proceedings of the second conference on European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
A comparison of usage evaluation and inspection methods for assessing groupware usability
GROUP '01 Proceedings of the 2001 International ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work
Groupware walkthrough: adding context to groupware usability evaluation
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Empirical development of a heuristic evaluation methodology for shared workspace groupware
CSCW '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
The CSCW Lab for Groupware Evaluation
CRIWG '02 Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Groupware: Design, Implementation and Use
Systematic usability evaluation and design issues for collaborative virtual environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Display and presence disparity in Mixed Presence Groupware
AUIC '04 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Australasian user interface - Volume 28
Modelling and measuring Collaborative Software Engineering
ACSC '05 Proceedings of the Twenty-eighth Australasian conference on Computer Science - Volume 38
Appropriating and assessing heuristics for mobile computing
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Desafios para testes de usuários em sistemas colaborativos - lições de um estudo de caso
IHC '06 Proceedings of VII Brazilian symposium on Human factors in computing systems
Implementing three-party desktop videoconferencing
OZCHI '07 Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces
A conceptual framework for designing and conducting groupware evaluations
International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
Groupware: Design, Implementation, and Use
Interactive web environment for collaborative and extensible diagram based learning
Computers in Human Behavior
Remote Hands-On Experience: Distributed Collaboration with Augmented Reality
EC-TEL '09 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning: Learning in the Synergy of Multiple Disciplines
A contribution-based framework for the creation of semantically-enabled web applications
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Accessibility and usability evaluation of MAIS designer: a new design tool for mobile services
UAHCI'07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Universal access in human-computer interaction: ambient interaction
The role of cognitive styles in groupware acceptance
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human-computer interaction: applications and services
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
The essential ingredients of collaboration
CTS'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Collaborative technologies and systems
Group awareness tools: It's what you do with it that matters
Computers in Human Behavior
Heuristics for evaluating IT security management tools
Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
Structuring dimensions for collaborative systems evaluation
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
An empirical study on groupware support for water resources ontology integration
APWeb'06 Proceedings of the 8th Asia-Pacific Web conference on Frontiers of WWW Research and Development
Grid service based collaboration for VL-e: requirements, analysis and design
EGC'05 Proceedings of the 2005 European conference on Advances in Grid Computing
Applicability of the semiotic inspection method: a systematic literature review
Proceedings of the 10th Brazilian Symposium on on Human Factors in Computing Systems and the 5th Latin American Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
The assessment of usability of electronic shopping: A heuristic evaluation
International Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals
That syncing feeling: early user experiences with the cloud
Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Proceedings of the 12th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Despite the increasing availability of groupware, most systems are awkward and not widely used. While there are many reasons for this, a significant problem is that groupware is difficult to evaluate. In particular, there are no discount usability evaluation methodologies that can discover problems specific to teamwork. In this paper, we describe how we adapted Nielsen's heuristic evaluation methodology, designed originally for single user applications, to help inspectors rapidly, cheaply effectively identify usability problems within groupware systems. Specifically, we take the 'mechanics of collaboration' framework and restate it as heuristics for the purposes of discovering problems in shared visual work surfaces for distance-separated groups.