Perceptual user interfaces (introduction)
Communications of the ACM
Question-answering by predictive annotation
SIGIR '00 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Learning search engine specific query transformations for question answering
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web
Exploiting redundancy in question answering
Proceedings of the 24th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Mining the web for answers to natural language questions
Proceedings of the tenth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Omnibase: Uniform Access to Heterogeneous Data for Question Answering
NLDB '02 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems-Revised Papers
Statistics-Based Summarization - Step One: Sentence Compression
Proceedings of the Seventeenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Twelfth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Mining the peanut gallery: opinion extraction and semantic classification of product reviews
WWW '03 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide Web
VideoQA: question answering on news video
MULTIMEDIA '03 Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia
Answering what-is questions by Virtual Annotation
HLT '01 Proceedings of the first international conference on Human language technology research
In question answering, two heads are better than one
NAACL '03 Proceedings of the 2003 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technology - Volume 1
iNeATS: interactive multi-document summarization
ACL '03 Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 2
A speech interface for open-domain question-answering
ACL '03 Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 2
Sentence Fusion for Multidocument News Summarization
Computational Linguistics
A statistical method for short answer extraction
ODQA '01 Proceedings of the workshop on Open-domain question answering - Volume 12
Annotating the semantic web using natural language
NLPXML '02 Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on NLP and XML - Volume 17
Multi-perspective question answering using the OpQA corpus
HLT '05 Proceedings of the conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Report on the SIGIR 2007 workshop on focused retrieval
ACM SIGIR Forum
Multimodal question answering for mobile devices
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Predicting information seeker satisfaction in community question answering
Proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Question Answering Summarization of Multiple Biomedical Documents
CAI '07 Proceedings of the 20th conference of the Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Learning Methods in Multi-grained Query Answering
ISWC '08 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on The Semantic Web
ISVLSI '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI
Summarization from medical documents: a survey
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
A Reconfigurable Architecture for Secure Multimedia Delivery
VLSID '10 Proceedings of the 2010 23rd International Conference on VLSI Design
Improving question answering by combining multiple systems via answer validation
CICLing'08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Computational linguistics and intelligent text processing
Using multi-agent systems and consensus methods for information retrieval in internet
International Journal of Intelligent Information and Database Systems
Classification of multiple-sentence questions
IJCNLP'05 Proceedings of the Second international joint conference on Natural Language Processing
MultiText experiments for INEX 2004
INEX'04 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval
Web-Based multiple choice question answering for english and arabic questions
ECIR'06 Proceedings of the 28th European conference on Advances in Information Retrieval
A question answer approach to building semantic memory
ICAISC'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing - Volume Part II
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Recent advances in massive information storage and growth of internet have led to increased necessity of tools such as search engines and QA systems to get meaningful answers from the vast amount of information. The complex questions appearing in real-life generally require multiple techniques or sub-division of question at various levels. Several practical systems have been developed to explore this. This paper reviews state-of-art QA systems which provide enhanced and versatile functionality at various levels in their architecture and then makes the following contributions: 1) it provides useful overview of research trends and recent developments in the area of QA; 2) the paper introduces and defines basic design parameters for any QA system; 3) it resolves semantic heterogeneity by clarifying the meaning and context in which different terms are used by different researchers; 4) it classifies the existing QA systems in broad groups, based on the point at which versatility (multiplicity) is introduced/handled in the system; 5) by developing a unified view of existing frontiers of QA systems, it provides clear directions for future research and development in the area.