How might people interact with agents
Communications of the ACM
The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
A storytelling robot for pediatric rehabilitation
Assets '00 Proceedings of the fourth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Designing Sociable Robots
Experiences with a mobile robotic guide for the elderly
Eighteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence
Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Multimodal expressive embodied conversational agents
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Turing maturing: the separation of artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction
interactions - Gadgets, part 2: the science of gadgetry
Landscaping personification technologies: from interactions to relationships
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Small talk is more than chit-chat: exploiting structures of casual conversations for a virtual agent
KI'12 Proceedings of the 35th Annual German conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Your Virtual Butler
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In this paper we introduce and explore the challenges of what we believe is the next generation of interface technology; companions. Companions are intelligent, persistent, personalized, multimodal interfaces. Companions change interactions into relationships. The paper describes the characteristics of companions and the changes that are needed for interaction designers to design for companion relationships. It provides a brief history of the development of commercial companions and presents three empirical studies of companions that illustrate many of the design issues. These are elaborated in some detail and the implications for interaction design are considered.