Exploiting superword level parallelism with multimedia instruction sets
PLDI '00 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2000 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Phi-Predication for light-weight if-conversion
Proceedings of the international symposium on Code generation and optimization: feedback-directed and runtime optimization
Vectorizing for a SIMdD DSP architecture
Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems
LLVM: A Compilation Framework for Lifelong Program Analysis & Transformation
Proceedings of the international symposium on Code generation and optimization: feedback-directed and runtime optimization
Vectorization for SIMD architectures with alignment constraints
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2004 conference on Programming language design and implementation
FPgen - a test generation framework for datapath floating-point verification
HLDVT '03 Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Workshop on High-Level Design Validation and Test Workshop
Hardware verification using ANSI-C programs as a reference
ASP-DAC '03 Proceedings of the 2003 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Symbolic execution of floating-point computations: Research Articles
Software Testing, Verification & Reliability
Embedded software verification using symbolic execution and uninterpreted functions
International Journal of Parallel Programming
Compositional dynamic test generation
Proceedings of the 34th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Formal Verification of Floating-Point Programs
ARITH '07 Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Symposium on Computer Arithmetic
Automatic formal verification of block cipher implementations
Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design
Reducing Test Inputs Using Information Partitions
CAV '09 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
A decision procedure for bit-vectors and arrays
CAV'07 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Computer aided verification
RWset: attacking path explosion in constraint-based test generation
TACAS'08/ETAPS'08 Proceedings of the Theory and practice of software, 14th international conference on Tools and algorithms for the construction and analysis of systems
KLEE: unassisted and automatic generation of high-coverage tests for complex systems programs
OSDI'08 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on Operating systems design and implementation
Efficient deterministic multithreading through schedule relaxation
SOSP '11 Proceedings of the Twenty-Third ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
Making software verification tools really work
ATVA'11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Automated technology for verification and analysis
GKLEE: concolic verification and test generation for GPUs
Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming
Path-exploration lifting: hi-fi tests for lo-fi emulators
ASPLOS XVII Proceedings of the seventeenth international conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
Parametric flows: automated behavior equivalencing for symbolic analysis of races in CUDA programs
SC '12 Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis
Symbolic execution for software testing: three decades later
Communications of the ACM
Symbolic testing of OpenCL code
HVC'11 Proceedings of the 7th international Haifa Verification conference on Hardware and Software: verification and testing
Automatic detection of floating-point exceptions
POPL '13 Proceedings of the 40th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Verifying systems rules using rule-directed symbolic execution
Proceedings of the eighteenth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Overify: optimizing programs for fast verification
HotOS'13 Proceedings of the 14th USENIX conference on Hot Topics in Operating Systems
Redundant state detection for dynamic symbolic execution
USENIX ATC'13 Proceedings of the 2013 USENIX conference on Annual Technical Conference
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We present an effective technique for crosschecking an IEEE 754 floating-point program and its SIMD-vectorized version, implemented in KLEE-FP, an extension to the KLEE symbolic execution tool that supports symbolic reasoning on the equivalence between floating-point values. The key insight behind our approach is that floatingpoint values are only reliably equal if they are essentially built by the same operations. As a result, our technique works by lowering the Intel Streaming SIMD Extension (SSE) instruction set to primitive integer and floating-point operations, and then using an algorithm based on symbolic expression matching augmented with canonicalization rules. Under symbolic execution, we have to verify equivalence along every feasible control-flow path. We reduce the branching factor of this process by aggressively merging conditionals, if-converting branches into select operations via an aggressive phi-node folding transformation. We applied KLEE-FP to OpenCV, a popular open source computer vision library. KLEE-FP was able to successfully crosscheck 51 SIMD/SSE implementations against their corresponding scalar versions, proving the bounded equivalence of 41 of them (i.e., on images up to a certain size), and finding inconsistencies in the other 10.