CRYPTO '99 Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
ElectroMagnetic Analysis (EMA): Measures and Counter-Measures for Smart Cards
E-SMART '01 Proceedings of the International Conference on Research in Smart Cards: Smart Card Programming and Security
Electromagnetic Analysis: Concrete Results
CHES '01 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
CHES '02 Revised Papers from the 4th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
CHES '08 Proceeding sof the 10th international workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
CHES '08 Proceeding sof the 10th international workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Leakage-Resilient Cryptography
FOCS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 49th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
A Unified Framework for the Analysis of Side-Channel Key Recovery Attacks
EUROCRYPT '09 Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Advances in Cryptology: the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques
A Leakage-Resilient Mode of Operation
EUROCRYPT '09 Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Advances in Cryptology: the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques
Algebraic Side-Channel Attacks on the AES: Why Time also Matters in DPA
CHES '09 Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
A Design Flow and Evaluation Framework for DPA-Resistant Instruction Set Extensions
CHES '09 Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Analysis and mitigation of process variation impacts on Power-Attack Tolerance
Proceedings of the 46th Annual Design Automation Conference
Algebraic side-channel analysis in the presence of errors
CHES'10 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Cryptographic hardware and embedded systems
Algebraic side-channel attacks
Inscrypt'09 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information security and cryptology
A systematic evaluation of compact hardware implementations for the rijndael s-box
CT-RSA'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Topics in Cryptology
A stochastic model for differential side channel cryptanalysis
CHES'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Cryptographic hardware and embedded systems
Protecting circuits from leakage: the computationally-bounded and noisy cases
EUROCRYPT'10 Proceedings of the 29th Annual international conference on Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques
Generic side-channel distinguishers: improvements and limitations
CRYPTO'11 Proceedings of the 31st annual conference on Advances in cryptology
Information theoretic and security analysis of a 65-nanometer DDSLL AES S-box
CHES'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Cryptographic hardware and embedded systems
A new difference method for side-channel analysis with high-dimensional leakage models
CT-RSA'12 Proceedings of the 12th conference on Topics in Cryptology
An exploration of the kolmogorov-smirnov test as a competitor to mutual information analysis
CARDIS'11 Proceedings of the 10th IFIP WG 8.8/11.2 international conference on Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications
Statistical tools flavor side-channel collision attacks
EUROCRYPT'12 Proceedings of the 31st Annual international conference on Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques
ICISC'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Information Security and Cryptology
Algebraic side-channel attacks beyond the hamming weight leakage model
CHES'12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Shuffling against side-channel attacks: a comprehensive study with cautionary note
ASIACRYPT'12 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on The Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security
Improving side-channel analysis with optimal linear transforms
CARDIS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications
Strong PUFs and their (physical) unpredictability: a case study with power PUFs
Proceedings of the Workshop on Embedded Systems Security
Profiling DPA: efficacy and efficiency trade-offs
CHES'13 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
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Variability is a central issue in deep submicron technologies, in which it becomes increasingly difficult to produce two chips with the same behavior. While the impact of variability is well understood from the microelectronic point of view, very few works investigated its significance for cryptographic implementations. This is an important concern as 65-nanometer and smaller technologies are soon going to equip an increasing number of security-enabled devices. Based on measurements performed on 20 prototype chips of an AES S-box, this paper provides the first comprehensive treatment of variability issues for side-channel attacks. We show that technology scaling implies important changes in terms of physical security. First, common leakage models (e.g. based on the Hamming weight of the manipulated data) are no longer valid as the size of transistors shrinks, even for standard CMOS circuits. This impacts both the evaluation of hardware countermeasures and formal works assuming that independent computations lead to independent leakage. Second, we discuss the consequences of variability for profiled side-channel attacks. We study the extend to which a leakage model that is carefully profiled for one device can lead to successful attacks against another device. We also define the perceived information to quantify this context, which generalizes the notion of mutual information with possibly degraded leakage models. Our results exhibit that existing side-channel attacks are not perfectly suited to this new context. They constitute an important step in better understanding the challenges raised by future technologies for the theory and practice of leakage resilient cryptography.