King: estimating latency between arbitrary internet end hosts
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
Peer-to-Peer Membership Management for Gossip-Based Protocols
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Lightweight Probabilistic Broadcast
DSN '01 Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (formerly: FTCS)
Epidemic-Style Proactive Aggregation in Large Overlay Networks
ICDCS '04 Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'04)
The peer sampling service: experimental evaluation of unstructured gossip-based implementations
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IFIP/USENIX international conference on Middleware
Gossip-based aggregation in large dynamic networks
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Peer-to-peer communication across network address translators
ATEC '05 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Characterization and measurement of TCP traversal through NATs and firewalls
IMC '05 Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet Measurement
Proceedings of the 16th international symposium on High performance distributed computing
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Revealing skype traffic: when randomness plays with you
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
T-Man: Gossip-based fast overlay topology construction
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
NAT-resilient Gossip Peer Sampling
ICDCS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 29th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Developing, simulating, and deploying peer-to-peer systems using the Kompics component model
Proceedings of the Fourth International ICST Conference on COMmunication System softWAre and middlewaRE
NATCracker: NAT Combinations Matter
ICCCN '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks
P2P VoD using the self-organizing gradient overlay network
Proceedings of the second international workshop on Self-organizing architectures
Balancing gossip exchanges in networks with firewalls
IPTPS'10 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Peer-to-peer systems
Sepidar: Incentivized Market-Based P2P Live-Streaming on the Gradient Overlay Network
ISM '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia
Discovery of stable peers in a self-organising peer-to-peer gradient topology
DAIS'06 Proceedings of the 6th IFIP WG 6.1 international conference on Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems
gradienTv: market-based P2P live media streaming on the gradient overlay
DAIS'10 Proceedings of the 10th IFIP WG 6.1 international conference on Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems
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Gossip-based peer sampling protocols have been widely used as a building block for many large-scale distributed applications. However, Network Address Translation gateways (NATs) cause most existing gossiping protocols to break down, as nodes cannot establish direct connections to nodes behind NATs (private nodes). In addition, most of the existing NAT traversal algorithms for establishing connectivity to private nodes rely on third party servers running at a well-known, public IP addresses. In this paper, we present Gozar, a gossip-based peer sampling service that: (i) provides uniform random samples in the presence of NATs, and (ii) enables direct connectivity to sampled nodes using a fully distributed NAT traversal service, where connection messages require only a single hop to connect to private nodes. We show in simulation that Gozar preserves the randomness properties of a gossip-based peer sampling service. We show the robustness of Gozar when a large fraction of nodes reside behind NATs and also in catastrophic failure scenarios. For example, if 80% of nodes are behind NATs, and 80% of the nodes fail, more than 92% of the remaining nodes stay connected. In addition, we compare Gozar with existing NAT-friendly gossip-based peer sampling services, Nylon and ARRG. We show that Gozar is the only system that supports one-hop NAT traversal, and its overhead is roughly half of Nylon's.