Reading text from computer screens
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A model of textual affect sensing using real-world knowledge
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Prosodic font: translating speech into graphics
CHI '99 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Augmented Auditory Representation of e-Texts for Text-to-Speech Systems
TSD '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Cascading Style Sheets: Separating Content from Presentation, Second Edition
Cascading Style Sheets: Separating Content from Presentation, Second Edition
Aesthetic measures for automated document layout
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM symposium on Document engineering
Towards mood-oriented interfaces for synchronous interaction
CLIHC '05 Proceedings of the 2005 Latin American conference on Human-computer interaction
The influence of font type and line length on visual search and information retrieval in web pages
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
ICALT '06 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies
Emotion recognition from text using semantic labels and separable mixture models
ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing (TALIP)
Expressing emotion in text-based communication
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
What emotions do news articles trigger in their readers?
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
IHC '06 Proceedings of VII Brazilian symposium on Human factors in computing systems
The effects of text structure and prior knowledge of the learner on computer-based learning
Computers in Human Behavior
Emotion rating from short blog texts
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Interface design and emotions experienced on B2C Web sites: Empirical testing of a research model
Computers in Human Behavior
Representing Emotions with Linguistic Acuity
CICLing '07 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing
DocEmoX: A System for the Typography-Derived Emotional Annotation of Documents
UAHCI '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Part III: Applications and Services
Arab Children's Reading Preference for Different Online Fonts
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part IV: Interacting in Various Application Domains
Using emoticons to reduce dependency in machine learning techniques for sentiment classification
ACLstudent '05 Proceedings of the ACL Student Research Workshop
Colour appeal in website design within and across cultures: A multi-method evaluation
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Accessibility of board and presentations in the classroom: a design-for-all approach
Telehealth/AT '08 Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Telehealth/Assistive Technologies
A Bayesian network approach to semantic labelling of text formatting in XML corpora of documents
UAHCI'07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Universal access in human-computer interaction: applications and services
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human-computer interaction: applications and services
Auditory universal accessibility of data tables using naturally derived prosody specification
Universal Access in the Information Society
TextTone: expressing emotion through text
INTERACT'05 Proceedings of the 2005 IFIP TC13 international conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Diction based prosody modeling in table-to-speech synthesis
TSD'05 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue
Expressing degree of activation in synthetic speech
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
IEEE Spectrum
Regression modeling of reader's emotions induced by font based text signals
UAHCI'13 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: user and context diversity - Volume 2
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We present the results of an experimental study towards modeling the reader's emotional state variations induced by the typographic elements in electronic documents. Based on the dimensional theory of emotions we investigate how typographic elements, like font style (bold, italics, bold-italics) and font (type, size, color and background color), affect the reader's emotional states, namely, Pleasure, Arousal, and Dominance (PAD). An experimental procedure was implemented conforming to International Affective Picture System guidelines and incorporating the Self-Assessment Manikin test. Thirty students participated in the experiment. The stimulus was a short paragraph of text for which any content, emotion, and/or domain dependent information was excluded. The Analysis of Variance revealed the dependency of (a) all the three emotional dimensions on font size and font/background color combinations and (b) the Pleasure dimension on font type and font style. We introduce a set of mapping rules showing how PAD vary on the discrete values of font style and font type elements. Moreover, we introduce a set of equations describing the PAD dimensions' dependency on font size. This novel model can contribute to the automated reader's emotional state extraction in order, for example, to enhance the acoustic rendition of the documents, utilizing text-to-speech synthesis.