Updating the complexity status of coloring graphs without a fixed induced linear forest

  • Authors:
  • Hajo Broersma;Petr A. Golovach;Daniël Paulusma;Jian Song

  • Affiliations:
  • -;-;-;-

  • Venue:
  • Theoretical Computer Science
  • Year:
  • 2012

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Abstract

A graph is H-free if it does not contain an induced subgraph isomorphic to the graph H. The graph P"k denotes a path on k vertices. The @?-Coloring problem is the problem to decide whether a graph can be colored with at most @? colors such that adjacent vertices receive different colors. We show that 4-Coloring is NP-complete for P"8-free graphs. This improves a result of Le, Randerath, and Schiermeyer, who showed that 4-Coloring is NP-complete for P"9-free graphs, and a result of Woeginger and Sgall, who showed that 5-Coloring is NP-complete for P"8-free graphs. Additionally, we prove that the precoloring extension version of 4-Coloring is NP-complete for P"7-free graphs, but that the precoloring extension version of 3-Coloring can be solved in polynomial time for (P"2+P"4)-free graphs, a subclass of P"7-free graphs. Here P"2+P"4 denotes the disjoint union of a P"2 and a P"4. We denote the disjoint union of s copies of a P"3 by sP"3 and involve Ramsey numbers to prove that the precoloring extension version of 3-Coloring can be solved in polynomial time for sP"3-free graphs for any fixed s. Combining our last two results with known results yields a complete complexity classification of (precoloring extension of) 3-Coloring for H-free graphs when H is a fixed graph on at most 6 vertices: the problem is polynomial-time solvable if H is a linear forest; otherwise it is NP-complete.