Using a human face in an interface
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Adding animated presentation agents to the interface
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Video Rewrite: driving visual speech with audio
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Coding, Analysis, Interpretation, and Recognition of Facial Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Guiding the user through dynamically generated hypermedia presentations with a life-like character
IUI '98 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Trainable videorealistic speech animation
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer generated animation of faces
ACM '72 Proceedings of the ACM annual conference - Volume 1
Creating Interactive Virtual Humans: Some Assembly Required
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Facial Expression Space Learning
PG '02 Proceedings of the 10th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
Recognising emotions in human and synthetic faces: the role of the upper and lower parts of the face
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Evaluating a Computational Model of Emotion
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Natural head motion synthesis driven by acoustic prosodic features: Virtual Humans and Social Agents
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - CASA 2005
Expressive Facial Animation Synthesis by Learning Speech Coarticulation and Expression Spaces
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Synthesizing speech animation by learning compact speech co-articulation models
CGI '05 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International 2005
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - SPECIAL ISSUE: Media Arts and Games (Part II)
Perceptually guided expressive facial animation
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Embodied Conversational Agent-Based Kiosk for Automated Interviewing
Journal of Management Information Systems
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Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs) with realistic faces are becoming an intrinsic part of many graphics systems employed in HCI applications. A fundamental issue is how people visually perceive the affect of a speaking agent. In this paper we present the first study evaluating the relation between objective and subjective visual perception of emotion as displayed on a speaking human face, using both full video and sparse point-rendered representations of the face. We found that objective machine learning analysis of facial marker motion data is correlated with evaluations made by experimental subjects, and in particular, the lower face region provides insightful emotion clues for visual emotion perception. We also found that affect is captured in the abstract point-rendered representation.