Color image processing and applications
Color image processing and applications
Heterogeneous architecture models for interconnect-motivated system design
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems - Special issue on system-level interconnect prediction
Image and Video Compression Standards: Algorithms and Architectures
Image and Video Compression Standards: Algorithms and Architectures
VIS Speeds New Media Processing
IEEE Micro
An Efficient Algorithm for Out-of-Core Matrix Transposition
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Measuring the Performance of Multimedia Instruction Sets
IEEE Transactions on Computers
SIMPil: an OE integrated SIMD architecture for focal plane processing applications
MPPOI '96 Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Massively Parallel Processing Using Optical Interconnections
Efficient Processing of Color Image Sequences Using a Color-Aware Instruction Set on Mobile Systems
ASAP '04 Proceedings of the Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors, 15th IEEE International Conference
Architectural enhancements for color image and video processing on embedded systems
Architectural enhancements for color image and video processing on embedded systems
IEEE Transactions on Computers
The Impact of Multimedia Extensions for Multimedia Applications on Mobile Computing Systems
APCHI '08 Proceedings of the 8th Asia-Pacific conference on Computer-Human Interaction
A New Parallel Approach to Fuzzy Clustering for Medical Image Segmentation
ISVC '08 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing
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Future embedded imaging applications will be more demanding processing performance while requiring the same low cost and low energy consumption. This paper presents and evaluates a color-aware instruction set extension (CAX) for single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) processor arrays to meet the computational requirements and cost goals. CAX supports parallel operations on two-packed 16-bit (6:5:5) YCbCr data in a 32-bit datapath processor, providing greater concurrency and efficiency for color image and video processing. Unlike typical multimedia extensions (e.g., MMX, VIS, and MDMX), CAX harnesses parallelism within the human perceptual color space rather than depending solely on generic subword parallelism. Moreover, the ability to reduce data format size reduces system cost. The reduction in data bandwidth also simplifies system design. Experimental results on a representative SIMD array architecture show that CAX achieves a speedup ranging from 5.2× to 8.8× (an average of 6.3×) over the baseline SIMD array performance. This is in contrast to MDMX (a representative MIPS multimedia extension), which achieves a speedup ranging from 3× to 5× (an average of 3.7×) over the same baseline SIMD array. CAX also outperforms MDMX in both area efficiency (a 52% increase versus a 13% increase) and energy efficiency (a 50% increase versus an 11% increase), resulting in better component utilization and sustainable battery life. Furthermore, CAX improves the performance and efficiency with a mere 3% increase in the system area and a 5% increase in the system power, while MDMX requires a 14% increase in the system area and a 16% increase in the system power. These results demonstrate that CAX is a suitable candidate for application-specific embedded multimedia systems.