A Lexicon Driven Approach to Handwritten Word Recognition for Real-Time Applications
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An Off-Line Cursive Handwriting Recognition System
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The Role of Holistic Paradigms in Handwritten Word Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Optical Character Recognition: An Illustrated Guide to the Frontier
Optical Character Recognition: An Illustrated Guide to the Frontier
Use of Lexicon Density in Evaluating Word Recognizers
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
On the Dependence of Handwritten Word Recognizers on Lexicons
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
DAS '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems V
Human Interactive Proofs and Document Image Analysis
DAS '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems V
Pessimal Print: A Reverse Turing Test
ICDAR '01 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
ARTiFACIAL: automated reverse turing test using FACIAL features
MULTIMEDIA '03 Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia
IWFHR '04 Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition
Leveraging cognitive factors in securing WWW with CAPTCHA
WebApps'10 Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on Web application development
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
By convention, CAPTCHA is an automated test that humans can pass but current computer programs can′t. In general, the research on CAPTCHA and Human Interactive Proofs is focusing on those recognition tasks that are harder for machines than for humans. The recognition of unconstrained handwriting continues to be a difficult task for computers and handwritten image analysis is still an unsolved problem. Therefore, handwriting recognition provides a reasonable gap between humans and machines that could be exploited and used for new CAPTCHA challenges. In this paper we use handwritten word images and explore Gestalt psychology to motivate our image transformations. The deformation methods are individually described and results are presented and compared to other traditional handwritten image transformations. Several applications for Web services would find our handwritten CAPTCHA an excellent biometric for online security and a way of defending online services against abusive attacks.