Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Human Interactive Proofs and Document Image Analysis
DAS '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems V
Face Detection With Information-Based Maximum Discrimination
CVPR '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97)
Real-Time Multi-View Face Detection
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Ranking Prior Likelihood Distributions for Bayesian Shape Localization Framework
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
ARTiFACIAL: automated reverse turing test using FACIAL features
MULTIMEDIA '03 Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia
ARTiFACIAL: automated reverse turing test using FACIAL features
MULTIMEDIA '03 Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia
MULTIMEDIA '03 Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia
IMAGINATION: a robust image-based CAPTCHA generation system
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
A Human Interactive Proof Algorithm Using Handwriting Recognition
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Botz-4-sale: surviving organized DDoS attacks that mimic flash crowds
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
Embedded noninteractive continuous bot detection
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
Exploiting the human-machine gap in image recognition for designing CAPTCHAs
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
An automated reverse turing test using facial expressions
HSI'09 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Human System Interactions
Leveraging cognitive factors in securing WWW with CAPTCHA
WebApps'10 Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on Web application development
Visual CAPTCHA with handwritten image analysis
HIP'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Human Interactive Proofs
Characters or faces: a user study on ease of use for HIPs
HIP'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Human Interactive Proofs
A User-friendly Image-Text Fusion CAPTCHA for Secure Web Services
Proceedings of International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services
FaceDCAPTCHA: Face detection based color image CAPTCHA
Future Generation Computer Systems
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Web services designed for human users are being abused by computer programs (bots). The bots steal thousands of free email accounts in a minute; participate in online polls to skew results; and irritate people by joining online chat rooms. These real-world issues have recently generated a new research area called Human Interactive Proofs (HIP), whose goal is to defend services from malicious attacks by differentiating bots from human users. In this paper, we propose a new HIP algorithm based on detecting human face and facial features. Human faces are the most familiar object to humans, rendering it possibly the best candidate for HIP. We conducted user studies and showed the ease of use of our system to human users. We designed attacks using the best existing face detectors and demonstrated the difficulty to bots.