WordNet: a lexical database for English
Communications of the ACM
Nonsystematic backtracking search
Nonsystematic backtracking search
Foundations of statistical natural language processing
Foundations of statistical natural language processing
A probabilistic approach to solving crossword puzzles
Artificial Intelligence - Chips challenging champions: games, computers and Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence - Chips challenging champions: games, computers and Artificial Intelligence
Solving weighted CSP by maintaining arc consistency
Artificial Intelligence
AND/OR Branch-and-Bound search for combinatorial optimization in graphical models
Artificial Intelligence
WebCrow: a WEB-based system for crossword solving
AAAI'05 Proceedings of the 20th national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 3
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Taking advantage of stable sets of variables in constraint satisfaction problems
IJCAI'85 Proceedings of the 9th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
IJCAI'95 Proceedings of the 14th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Bounds arc consistency for weighted CSPs
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Existential arc consistency: getting closer to full arc consistency in weighted CSPs
IJCAI'05 Proceedings of the 19th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
Artificial Intelligence - Special issue: Distributed constraint satisfaction
Reasoning from last conflict(s) in constraint programming
Artificial Intelligence
Soft arc consistency revisited
Artificial Intelligence
Search lessons learned from crossword puzzles
AAAI'90 Proceedings of the eighth National conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Total-order multi-agent task-network planning for contract bridge
AAAI'96 Proceedings of the thirteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Improved limited discrepancy search
AAAI'96 Proceedings of the thirteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
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We describe Dr. Fill, a program that solves American-style crossword puzzles. From a technical perspective, Dr. Fill works by converting crosswords to weighted csps, and then using a variety of novel techniques to find a solution. These techniques include generally applicable heuristics for variable and value selection, a variant of limited discrepancy search, and postprocessing and partitioning ideas. Branch and bound is not used, as it was incompatible with postprocessing and was determined experimentally to be of little practical value. Dr. Fill's performance on crosswords from the American Crossword Puzzle Tournament suggests that it ranks among the top fifty or so crossword solvers in the world.