The immediate usability of graffiti
Proceedings of the conference on Graphics interface '97
Metrics for text entry research: an evaluation of MSD and KSPC, and a new unified error metric
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Performance of menu-augmented soft keyboards
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SHARK2: a large vocabulary shorthand writing system for pen-based computers
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Maximizing the guessability of symbolic input
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
User-defined gestures for surface computing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Pressure-based text entry for mobile devices
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
A lightweight multistroke recognizer for user interface prototypes
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2010
Tapulator: a non-visual calculator using natural prefix-free codes
Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Web on the wall: insights from a multimodal interaction elicitation study
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Interactive tabletops and surfaces
The challenges and potential of end-user gesture customization
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
TapBoard: making a touch screen keyboard more touchable
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The space between the notes: adding expressive pitch control to the piano keyboard
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
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Although many techniques have been proposed to improve text input on touch screens, the vast majority of this research ignores non-alphanumeric input (i.e., punctuation, symbols, and modifiers). To support this input, widely adopted commercial touch-screen interfaces require mode switches to alternate keyboard layouts for most punctuation and symbols. Our approach is to augment existing ten-finger QWERTY keyboards with multi-touch gestural input that can exist as a complement to the moded-keyboard approach. To inform our design, we conducted a study to elicit user-defined gestures from 20 participants. The final gesture set includes both multi-touch and single-touch gestures for commonly used non-alphanumeric text input. We implemented and conducted a preliminary evaluation of a touch-screen keyboard augmented with this technique. Findings show that using gestures for non-alphanumeric input is no slower than using keys, and that users strongly prefer gestures to a moded-keyboard interface.